{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:27:15Z","timestamp":1787027235650,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The association between late-life depressive symptoms and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains a critical public health concern, yet most existing evidence relies on cross-sectional designs that fail to capture the dynamic nature of depression. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate how depressive symptom trajectories influence MetS risk in middle-aged and older adults, while examining potential effect modification by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), we identified three trajectories of depressive symptoms (persistent low, moderate, and high) through group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) across four survey waves. Multivariable logistic regression assessed associations between trajectories and incident MetS, adjusted for age, sex, education, marital status, smoking, drinking, and income. Stratified analyses evaluated effect modification by these factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants with persistent moderate (OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.03\u20131.15) and high (OR=1.07, 1.01\u20131.14) trajectories had significantly higher MetS risk versus the low trajectory. Associations were strongest in adults &amp;lt;65 years, married individuals, and those with smoking\/drinking habits (p &amp;lt;0.05), but did not vary by sex. Physical activity mediated 18.9% of the total effect (95% CI: 5\u201337%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dynamic depressive symptoms independently predict MetS risk, with amplified effects in younger, married, and health-risk subgroups. Targeted interventions addressing both depressive symptoms and modifiable behaviors (e.g., physical activity) may mitigate metabolic risk in aging populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1666316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T05:40:26Z","timestamp":1758087626000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Depressive symptom trajectories and incident metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older adults: A longitudinal analysis of the ELSA study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xuhui","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaofen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honghua","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67402-8","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome\u2013a new worldwide definition","volume":"366","author":"Alberti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4041-1","article-title":"Prevalence and trends of metabolic syndrome among adults in the Asia-pacific region: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Ranasinghe","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072275","article-title":"Diagnostic power of circulatory metabolic biomarkers as metabolic syndrome risk predictors in community-dwelling older adults in northwest of England (a feasibility study)","volume":"13","author":"Hassannejad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-018-0812-z","article-title":"The global epidemic of the metabolic syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Saklayen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Hypertension Rep"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/postmj\/qgad008","article-title":"Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the United States national health and nutrition examination survey 2011-18","volume":"99","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Postgraduate Med J"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0423","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and incident diabetes: current state of the evidence","volume":"31","author":"Ford","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.05.034","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Mottillo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02335-7","article-title":"Longitudinal economic burden of incident complications among metabolic syndrome populations","volume":"23","author":"Chong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.034165","article-title":"Joint association of sleep onset time and sleep duration with cardiometabolic health outcome","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155870","article-title":"Corrigendum to peanut (arachis hypogaea L.) seeds and by-products in metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disorders: a systematic review of clinical studies phytomedicine 123 (2024) 155170","volume":"136","author":"Nunes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytomed: Int J Phytother Phytopharm"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.11.014","article-title":"Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by household food insecurity status in the United States adolescent population, 2001\u20132020: a cross-sectional study","volume":"119","author":"Messiah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1066706","article-title":"Long-term trends in the incidence of depressive disorders in China, the United States, India and globally: a comparative study from 1990 to 2019","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.11.033","article-title":"Age- and gender-specific prevalence of depression in latest-life\u2013systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"136","author":"Luppa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2013.07.001","article-title":"Late life depression","volume":"36","author":"McCall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clinics North America"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.11.049","article-title":"Association of metabolic syndrome and its components with the risk of depressive symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"323","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.12.017","article-title":"Depression is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome: results from the ELSA-brasil cohort study","volume":"158","author":"Ferriani","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14842","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94503-y","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and 5-year incident metabolic syndrome among older adults","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.03.08.23286983","article-title":"Prospective bidirectional relations between depression and metabolic health: 30 year follow-up from the NHLBI CARDIA study","volume":"43","author":"Moorehead","year":"2023","journal-title":"medRxiv: Preprint Server Health Sci"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/50136","article-title":"Time-varying network models for the temporal dynamics of depressive symptomatology in patients with depressive disorders: secondary analysis of longitudinal observational data","volume":"11","author":"Siepe","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852913000667","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and major depression","volume":"19","author":"Marazziti","year":"2014","journal-title":"CNS Spectrums"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7628","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64365-x","article-title":"Different exercise training modalities produce similar endothelial function improvements in individuals with prehypertension or hypertension: a randomized clinical trial exercise, endothelium and blood pressure","volume":"10","author":"Pedralli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00333","article-title":"Aerobic exercise training improves cerebral blood flow and executive function: A randomized, controlled cross-over trial in sedentary older men","volume":"11","author":"Kleinloog","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP277764","article-title":"Aerobic exercise training and vascular function with ageing in healthy men and women","volume":"597","author":"Seals","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.030","article-title":"Nrf2 contributes to the benefits of exercise interventions on age-related skeletal muscle disorder via regulating Drp1 stability and mitochondrial fission","volume":"178","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol Med"},{"key":"B25","volume-title":"ELSAEnglish longitudinal study of AgeingEnglish longitudinal study of ageing: waves 0-10, 1998-2023","author":"Banks","year":"2024"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10731911221138930","article-title":"The eight-item center for epidemiological studies depression scale in the english longitudinal study of aging: longitudinal and gender invariance, sum score models, and external associations","volume":"30","author":"Schlechter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-014-9281-y","article-title":"Validation of the eight-item center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D) among older adults","volume":"34","author":"Karim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"B28","article-title":"National cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III). Third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III) final report","volume":"106","author":"Grundy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000360229","article-title":"Group-based trajectory modeling: An overview","volume":"65","author":"Nagin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131413","article-title":"Group-based trajectory modeling in clinical research","volume":"6","author":"Nagin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","article-title":"The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations","volume":"51","author":"Baron","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03637750903310360","article-title":"Beyond baron and kenny: statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium","volume":"76","author":"Hayes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Communication Monogr"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-03063-y","article-title":"Eight-year total, cognitive-affective, and somatic depressive symptoms trajectories and risks of cardiac events","volume":"14","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trans Psychiatry"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0001339","article-title":"Prospective bidirectional relations between depression and metabolic health: 30-year follow-up from the national heart, lung, and blood institute (NHLBI) coronary artery disease in young adults (CARDIA) study","volume":"43","author":"Moorehead","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.11.002","article-title":"Depression but not anxiety is associated with metabolic syndrome in primary care based community sample","volume":"40","author":"Butnoriene","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.04.102","article-title":"Depression and metabolic syndrome in the older population: a review of evidence","volume":"237","author":"Repousi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2008.01315.x","article-title":"No association of depression and anxiety with the metabolic syndrome: the norwegian HUNT study","volume":"120","author":"Hildrum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.5.563","article-title":"Psychosocial risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in elderly persons: findings from the health, aging and body composition study","volume":"62","author":"Vogelzangs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journals Gerontology. Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12199-011-0206-1","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and depressive symptoms among Japanese men and women","volume":"16","author":"Kimura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Health Prev Med"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2018.20.1\/bpenninx","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in psychiatric patients: overview, mechanisms, and implications","volume":"20","author":"Penninx","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2015.02.010","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in patients with bipolar disorder: comparison with major depressive disorder and non-psychiatric controls","volume":"78","author":"Silarova","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Psychosomatic Res"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000038364.26310.BD","article-title":"Adrenocortical, autonomic, and inflammatory causes of the metabolic syndrome: Nested case-control study","volume":"106","author":"Brunner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31820ad12b","article-title":"Depression and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activation: a quantitative summary of four decades of research","volume":"73","author":"Stetler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Med"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14m09009","article-title":"Inflammation, obesity, and metabolic syndrome in depression: analysis of the 2009\u20132010 national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES)","volume":"75","author":"Rethorst","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00047.2018","article-title":"Central and peripheral inflammation link metabolic syndrome and major depressive disorder","volume":"34","author":"Chan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol (bethesda Md.)"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14720","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and depression: a review","volume":"53","author":"Troubat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262526","article-title":"Association between lifestyle factors and metabolic syndrome in general populations with depressive symptoms in cross-setional based cohort study of ansung-ansan","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/jcp.v67n0704","article-title":"Associations between bipolar disorder and metabolic syndrome: a review","volume":"67","author":"Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.10.003","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and risk of metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"33","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Nutr (edinburgh Scotland)"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-12-0315","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and incidence of metabolic syndrome in korean men. A 3-year follow-up study","volume":"76","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Journal: Off J Japanese Circ Soc"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2010.01.012","article-title":"Alcohol, appetite and energy balance: is alcohol intake a risk factor for obesity","volume":"100","author":"Yeomans","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaclp.2022.06.001","article-title":"Increased prevalence of depression and anxiety among subjects with metabolic syndrome in the Brazilian longitudinal study of adult health (ELSA-brasil)","volume":"63","author":"Berto","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Acad Consultation-liaison Psychiatry"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.08.024","article-title":"Depression trajectories and the association with metabolic adversities among the middle-aged adults","volume":"188","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1081854","article-title":"Association of metabolic syndrome with depression in US adults: a nationwide cross-sectional study using propensity score-based analysis","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2014.06.006","article-title":"Subjective depressive symptoms and metabolic syndrome among the general population","volume":"54","author":"Rhee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199611000-00011","article-title":"Childhood and adolescent depression: a review of the past 10 years","volume":"35","author":"Birmaher","year":"1996","journal-title":"Part I. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810180011002","article-title":"Age at onset of selected mental disorders in five community populations","volume":"47","author":"Burke","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-020-00610-7","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome amongst adults in Jordan: prevalence, trend, and its association with socio-demographic characteristics","volume":"12","author":"Ajlouni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndrome"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1929_23","article-title":"Prevalence and influencing factors of metabolic syndrome among rural adult population in a district of south India","volume":"13","author":"Latha","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Family Med Primary Care"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2012.02.024","article-title":"Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated socioeconomic and demographic factors among palestinian adults (20\u201365 years) at the gaza strip","volume":"5","author":"Sirdah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndrome: Clin Res Rev"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256195","article-title":"Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors among psychiatric patients at university of gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, northwest Ethiopia","volume":"16","author":"Woldekidan","year":"2021","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02537176241309032","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in patients with depressive disorder: a cross-sectional study","author":"Moorthy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Indian J psychol Med"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-015-9619-4","article-title":"Marital quality, depressive symptoms, and the metabolic syndrome: a couples structural model","volume":"38","author":"Henry","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2009.04.002","article-title":"The longitudinal effects of depression on physical activity","volume":"31","author":"Roshanaei-Moghaddam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ21-0589","article-title":"Benefits of different combinations of aerobic and resistance exercise for improving plasma glucose and lipid metabolism and sleep quality among elderly patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"69","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrine J"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1159\/000357335","article-title":"Relationships between exercise, mitochondrial biogenesis and type 2 diabetes","volume":"60","author":"Joseph","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Sport Sci"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2020.04.003","article-title":"Adipose tissue depot differences in adipokines and effects on skeletal and cardiac muscle","volume":"52","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13029","article-title":"Yoga training modulates adipokines in adults with high-normal blood pressure and metabolic syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Supriya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scandinavian J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13510002.2017.1315513","article-title":"Swimming training induces liver adaptations to oxidative stress and insulin sensitivity in rats submitted to high-fat diet","volume":"22","author":"Zacarias","year":"2017","journal-title":"Redox Report: Commun Free Radical Res"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2011.01.006","article-title":"The effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise on metabolic control, inflammatory markers, adipocytokines, and muscle insulin signaling in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"60","author":"Jorge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Metabolism Clin Exp"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00459.2021","article-title":"ACE2 gene combined with exercise training attenuates central AngII\/AT1 axis function and oxidative stress in a prehypertensive rat model","volume":"132","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (bethesda Md.: 1985)"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002901","article-title":"Effects of exercise training on the renin-angiotensin system in the kidneys of dahl salt-sensitive rats","volume":"54","author":"Sakuyama","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exercise"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.120723","article-title":"Physical exercise and the functions of microRNAs","volume":"304","author":"Dos Santos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5948","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26095-0","article-title":"Endurance exercise training-responsive miR-19b-3p improves skeletal muscle glucose metabolism","volume":"12","author":"Massart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-05118-7","article-title":"Optimal dose and type of exercise to improve depressive symptoms in older adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC geriatrics"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-025-03289-4","article-title":"Increased odds of metabolic syndrome among adults with depressive symptoms or antidepressant use","volume":"15","author":"Meshkat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trans Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1666316\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T05:40:28Z","timestamp":1758087628000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1666316\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"references-count":76,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1666316"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1666316","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"article-number":"1666316"}}