{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T08:03:23Z","timestamp":1762243403291,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trichotillomania is a chronic psychiatric syndrome characterized by an uncontrollable urge to pull out one\u2019s hair. The current diagnostic criteria for Trichotillomania are as follows: hair pulling that leads to hair loss; attempts to reduce or stop hair pulling; significant distress or impairment; and the pulling cannot be attributed to another mental or physical condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The major objective of the study was not to formulate an official clinical diagnosis but to get a preliminary understanding of the prevalence of Trichotillomania symptoms and their possible impact on self-esteem in the medical students in Saudi Arabia by using a self-reported checklist based on DSM-5 criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students across various regions of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through a self-administered online questionnaire designed to ensure broad accessibility and participation. The survey consisted of three main components: (1) sociodemographic information, including age, gender, marital status, and other relevant background variables; (2) a screening checklist based on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Trichotillomania; and (3) the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, used to assess participants\u2019 levels of self-esteem.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The response rate was 439 (114%), and of the 439 medical students, 50.1% were females, and 64.2% were aged between 18 and 20 years. 39.4% had low self-esteem. The screened prevalence of Trichotillomania in this study was 11.4%. Trichotillomania was higher in Saudi nationals, those who had been married, those who had previously heard of Trichotillomania diagnosis, and those with low self-esteem. In multivariate regression analysis, having heard of Trichotillomania diagnosis and low self-esteem were identified as the significant independent risk factors for Trichotillomania.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More than ten percent of medical students through this screening have shown symptoms of Trichotillomania. Symptoms of Trichotillomania potentially affect the mental conditions of students, including self-esteem. The screening has shown that the Trichotillomania was higher in females than males, but the difference was insignificant. Longitudinal studies are needed to extract more data about the Trichotillomania prevalence and its relative impact on mental health conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1673412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T05:27:33Z","timestamp":1761283653000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Screened prevalence of trichotillomania and its association with self-esteem among Saudi medical students: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Saleh A.","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2022","key":"B1"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.3.365","article-title":"Characteristics of 60 adult chronic hair pullers","volume":"148","author":"Christenson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199809000-00025","article-title":"Trichobezoars in Trichotillomania: case report and literature overview","volume":"60","author":"Bouwer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2008.05.002","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of Trichotillomania with trichophagia","volume":"49","author":"Grant","year":"2008","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"Estimated lifetime prevalence of Trichotillomania in college students"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.02.002","article-title":"Trichotillomania: neurobiology and treatment","volume":"33","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.06.058","article-title":"Prevalence and gender distribution of trichotillomania: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"153","author":"Thomson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948","article-title":"Prevalence, gender correlates, and co-morbidity of trichotillomania","volume":"288","author":"Grant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2565","article-title":"Trichotillomania among young adults: prevalence and comorbidity","volume":"97","author":"Grzesiak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000289004","article-title":"The Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Hairpulling Scale: 2. reliability and validity","volume":"64","author":"O\u2019Sullivan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2565","article-title":"Trichotillomania among young adults: prevalence and comorbidity","volume":"97","author":"Grzesiak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S109285292000111X","article-title":"Trichotillomania-psychopathological correlates and associations with health-related quality of life in a large sample","volume":"26","author":"Bezerra","year":"2021","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1955_20","article-title":"Trichotillomania prevalence in an Arab Middle Eastern population","volume":"11","author":"Subki","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Family Med Primary Care"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.51128","article-title":"Prevalence and factors influencing Trichotillomania among healthcare workers and students in Saudi Arabia: a Cross-Sectional Analytical Study","author":"Alonazi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10398562241256818","article-title":"Trichotillomania: A perspective from bibliometric analysis","volume":"32","author":"Ert\u00fcrk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Australas Psychiatry"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400876136","article-title":"Society and the adolescent self-image","volume-title":"Princeton University Press eBooks","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1965"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2021.01.005","article-title":"The prevalence of screened Trichotillomania in medical students of Saint-Joseph University","volume":"48","author":"Mikhael","year":"2021","journal-title":"L Enc\u00e9phale"},{"key":"B18","first-page":"77","article-title":"Trichotillomania and self-esteem: a survey of 62 female hair pullers","volume":"57","author":"Soriano","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s109285292000111x","article-title":"Comorbidity and quality of Duke DC, Bodzin DK, Tavares P, Geffken GR, Storch EA. The phenomenology of hair-pulling in a community sample","volume":"23","author":"Houghton","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2019.152123","article-title":"Trichotillomania comorbidity in a sample enriched for familial obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"94","author":"Gerstenblith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2016.09.005","article-title":"Trichotillomania and co-occurring anxiety","volume":"72","author":"Grant","year":"2016","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32218","article-title":"A family study of trichotillomania and chronic hair pulling","volume":"165","author":"Pauls","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet -B: Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2010.05.007","article-title":"Investigating SAPAP3 variants in the etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder and Trichotillomania in the South African white population","volume":"52","author":"Boardman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S79554","article-title":"The relationship of psychological trauma with Trichotillomania and skin picking","volume":"15","author":"\u00d6zten","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s109285292000111x","article-title":"Trichotillomania\u2014psychopathological correlates and associations with health-related quality of life in a large sample","volume":"26","author":"Bezerra","year":"2020","journal-title":"CNS Spectrums"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1673412\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T07:59:44Z","timestamp":1762243184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1673412\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1673412"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1673412","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1664-0640"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"article-number":"1673412"}}