{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T10:06:20Z","timestamp":1771927580893,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Personality disorders (PD) are common and debilitating psychiatric conditions, often characterized by severe interpersonal and self-dysfunction. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is the most studied PD, with treatments like Good Psychiatric Management (GPM) demonstrating effectiveness. To address the current state of the personality disorder field, where most evidence-based treatments have been developed using a categorical approach, while the most empirically supported approach is the dimensional one, we developed an adaptation of GPM (GPM-extended) integrating concepts of dimensional personality dysfunction into an established therapeutic framework. This prospective \u201chere-there\u201d study will compare GPM-extended with standard GPM in two outpatient facilities. This methodological choice is due to organizational and institutional limitations. Participants (\u226518 years) meeting BPD criteria per the SCID-II will be included. The GPM-extended group incorporates a dimensional diagnostic framework focusing on three personality dilemmas (rejection\/abandonment fears, self-esteem dysregulation, and perfection\/control issues), with tailored psychoeducation and treatment priorities. The standard GPM group will follow the validated GPM protocol, emphasizing interpersonal hypersensitivity and standard psychoeducation. Both groups will receive weekly individual therapy and group interventions for one year. Between-group differences at 1-year follow-up will be assessed using multiple regression models adjusted for baseline scores. The primary outcome is the change in BPD symptom severity (ZAN-BPD). Secondary outcomes include personality functioning, traits, and various clinical dimensions such as impulsivity, emotional regulation, and social functioning. All patients having initiated the program and having initial data will be included in the analysis, with multiple imputations for missing data and sensitivity analyses planned. Altogether, this study seeks to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of integrating dimensionality into GPM, offering a pragmatic pathway to improve PD treatment and bridging gaps between evidence-based conceptualizations and treatments of PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier NCT06913738.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1687987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T13:12:47Z","timestamp":1769519567000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protocol for a cohort comparison treatment study evaluating the efficacy of a dimensional adaptation of GPM (GPM-extended) compared to a classic outpatient GPM treatment for patient fulfilling criteria for BPD: the EPSYLIA project"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Blay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Inserm, Centre de recherche en Epid\u00e9miologie et Sant\u00e9 des Populations (CESP), Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","place":["Villejuif, France"]},{"name":"ADDIPSY, Addictology and Psychiatry Outpatient Center, Sant\u00e9 Basque D\u00e9veloppement Group","place":["Lyon, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"In\u00e8s","family":"Benmakhlouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADDIPSY, Addictology and Psychiatry Outpatient Center, Sant\u00e9 Basque D\u00e9veloppement Group","place":["Lyon, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Zenou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADDIPSY, Addictology and Psychiatry Outpatient Center, Sant\u00e9 Basque D\u00e9veloppement Group","place":["Lyon, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e9lissa","family":"Amate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADDIPSY, Addictology and Psychiatry Outpatient Center, Sant\u00e9 Basque D\u00e9veloppement Group","place":["Lyon, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arjin","family":"Uludag-Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADDIPSY, Addictology and Psychiatry Outpatient Center, Sant\u00e9 Basque D\u00e9veloppement Group","place":["Lyon, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Chevrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique Ch\u00e2teau Caradoc, Sant\u00e9 Basque D\u00e9veloppement Group","place":["Bayonne, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-Laure","family":"Pomey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique Ch\u00e2teau Caradoc, Sant\u00e9 Basque D\u00e9veloppement Group","place":["Bayonne, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Brisebarre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique Ch\u00e2teau Caradoc, Sant\u00e9 Basque D\u00e9veloppement Group","place":["Bayonne, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Lebourleux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique Ch\u00e2teau Caradoc, Sant\u00e9 Basque D\u00e9veloppement Group","place":["Bayonne, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oyhana","family":"Lopepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique Ch\u00e2teau Caradoc, Sant\u00e9 Basque D\u00e9veloppement Group","place":["Bayonne, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Cacouault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique Ch\u00e2teau Caradoc, Sant\u00e9 Basque D\u00e9veloppement Group","place":["Bayonne, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saioa","family":"Lagadec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique Ch\u00e2teau Caradoc, Sant\u00e9 Basque D\u00e9veloppement Group","place":["Bayonne, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lo\u00efs","family":"Choi-Kain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School","place":["Boston, MA, United States"]},{"name":"Gunderson Personality Disorder Institute, McLean Hospital","place":["Belmont, MA, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Speranza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Inserm, Centre de recherche en Epid\u00e9miologie et Sant\u00e9 des Populations (CESP), Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","place":["Villejuif, France"]},{"name":"Versailles Hospital Center, University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","place":["Le Chesnay, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"186","article-title":"Epidemiology","volume-title":"The Oxford handbook of personality disorders","author":"Torgersen","year":"2012"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n0109","article-title":"Personality disorder and cardiovascular disease: results from a national household survey","volume":"68","author":"Moran","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.4.571","article-title":"Comorbidity of axis I and axis II disorders","volume":"152","author":"Oldham","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22287","article-title":"PERSONALITY DISORDERS AND THE PERSISTENCE OF ANXIETY DISORDERS IN A NATIONALLY REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE: research article: personality disorders and anxiety disorders","volume":"31","author":"Skodol","year":"2014","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.188.1.13","article-title":"Personality disorder and the outcome of depression: Meta-analysis of published studies","volume":"188","author":"Newton-Howes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.37","article-title":"Ten-year course of borderline personality disorder: psychopathology and function from the collaborative longitudinal personality disorders study","volume":"68","author":"Gunderson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.2.276","article-title":"Functional impairment in patients with schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder","volume":"159","author":"Skodol","year":"2002","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13094","article-title":"Societal costs of Borderline Personality Disorders: a matched-controlled nationwide study of patients and spouses","volume":"140","author":"Hastrup","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2007.04.001","article-title":"The cost of borderline personality disorder: societal cost of illness in BPD-patients","volume":"22","author":"Van Asselt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatr"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-015-0654-1","article-title":"The stigma of personality disorders","volume":"18","author":"Sheehan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18029","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.29","article-title":"Borderline personality disorder","volume":"4","author":"Gunderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"B12","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"Spitzer","year":"1980"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.08121825","article-title":"Borderline personality disorder: ontogeny of a diagnosis","volume":"166","author":"Gunderson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1037\/0000064-023","article-title":"Personality disorders: Current scientific status and ongoing controversies","volume-title":"APA handbook of psychopathology: Psychopathology: Understanding, assessing, and treating adult mental disorders (Vol 1)","author":"Lilienfeld","year":"2018"},{"key":"B15","volume-title":"The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder","year":"2024"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012955.pub2","article-title":"Psychological therapies for people with borderline personality disorder","volume":"2020","author":"Storeb\u00f8","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Systematic Rev"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000113","article-title":"Evidence-based treatments for borderline personality disorder: implementation, integration, and stepped care","volume":"24","author":"Choi-Kain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.15070885","article-title":"The emergence of a generalist model to meet public health needs for patients with borderline personality disorder","volume":"173","author":"Gunderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1408","article-title":"The time has come for dimensional personality disorder diagnosis: The time has come for dimensional personality disorder diagnosis","volume":"12","author":"Hopwood","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pers Ment Health"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410768231164780","DOI":"10.1177\/01410768231164780","article-title":"Borderline personality disorder: a spurious condition unsupported by science that should be abandoned","volume":"116","author":"Mulder","year":"2023","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"B21","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"B22","unstructured":"ICD-11\n          \n          \n          \n          2018"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0001087","article-title":"It\u2019s time to replace the personality disorders with the interpersonal disorders","volume":"77","author":"Wright","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1186524","article-title":"Case reports: Using Good Psychiatric Management (GPM) conceptualizations in the dimensional assessment and treatment of personality disorders","volume":"14","author":"Blay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479-020-00133-7","article-title":"Improving access to and effectiveness of mental health care for personality disorders: the guideline-informed treatment for personality disorders (GIT-PD) initiative in the Netherlands","volume":"7","author":"Hutsebaut","year":"2020","journal-title":"Borderline Pers Disord Emot Dysregul"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9781615379309.lg12","article-title":"Implementation of Good Psychiatric Management for Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Good Enough or Not Good Enough","volume-title":"Applications of good psychiatric management for borderline personality disorder: A practical guide","author":"Weinberg","year":"2019"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40473-021-00239-4","article-title":"Good psychiatric management for obsessive\u2013compulsive personality disorder","volume":"8","author":"Finch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Behav Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000033","article-title":"The structure of personality pathology: Both general (\u2018g\u2019) and specific (\u2018s\u2019) factors","volume":"124","author":"Sharp","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Abnormal Psychol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000165","article-title":"Longitudinal validation of general and specific structural features of personality pathology","volume":"125","author":"Wright","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Abnormal Psychol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09010039","article-title":"A randomized trial of dialectical behavior therapy versus general psychiatric management for borderline personality disorder","volume":"166","author":"McMain","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.11091416","article-title":"Dialectical behavior therapy compared with general psychiatric management for borderline personality disorder: clinical outcomes and functioning over a 2-year follow-up","volume":"169","author":"McMain","year":"2012","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9781615378432","volume-title":"Handbook of Good Psychiatric Management for Borderline Personality Disorder","author":"Gunderson","year":"2014"},{"key":"B33","article-title":"Entretien clinique structur\u00e9 pour les troubles de la personnalit\u00e9 de l\u2019axe II du DSM-IV","author":"First","year":"2013"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000159","article-title":"Development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of a brief self-report questionnaire for the assessment of the DSM\u20135 level of personality functioning scale: the LPFS brief form (LPFS-BF)","volume":"7","author":"Hutsebaut","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pers Disorders: Theory Research Treat"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.19m12753","article-title":"A randomized controlled study of a psychoeducation group intervention for patients with borderline personality disorder","volume":"81","author":"Ridolfi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"B36","volume-title":"DBT? Skills training manual","author":"Linehan","year":"2014"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRA.0000000000000797","article-title":"Psychoeducation for pathologic narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder: A review and proposal for a good psychiatric management-based six-week group program","volume":"30","author":"Blay","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Practice"},{"key":"B38","volume-title":"Handbook for psychoeducation on obsessive-compulsive personality disorder","author":"Blay","year":"2024"},{"key":"B39","article-title":"The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Disorders (SCID-II)","volume-title":"Comprehensive handbook of psychological assessment","author":"First","year":"2004"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.693","article-title":"Inter-rater reliability of the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders (SCID I) and axis II disorders (SCID II)","volume":"18","author":"Lobbestael","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychotherapy"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.1997.11.3.279","article-title":"Interrater reliability and internal consistency of the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis II personality disorders (SCID-II), version 2.0","volume":"11","author":"Maffei","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pers Disord"},{"key":"B42","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(97)83297-X","article-title":"The validity of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) according to the SCID-P and its reliability","volume":"12","author":"Sheehan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.17.3.233.22147","article-title":"Zanarini rating scale for borderline personality disorder (ZAN-BPD): A continuous measure of DSM-IV borderline psychopathology","volume":"17","author":"Zanarini","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pers Disord"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-025-07550-4","article-title":"The effectiveness of generalist (GIT-PD) versus specialist treatment (MBT\/ST) for severe personality disorders (Personality Disorders Access to Effective Treatment, P-DAET): study protocol of a pragmatic randomised controlled non-inferiority multicentre trial","volume":"25","author":"Bomhof","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2016.07.006","article-title":"Validation d\u2019une version fran\u00e7aise de la forme br\u00e8ve de l\u2019inventaire des troubles de la personnalit\u00e9 pour le DSM-5 (PID-5 BF) de Krueger","volume":"44","author":"Combaluzier","year":"2018","journal-title":"L\u2019Enc\u00e9phale"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000173701","article-title":"The short version of the borderline symptom list (BSL-23): development and initial data on psychometric properties","volume":"42","author":"Bohus","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/cbs0000140","article-title":"Traduction et validation en Fran\u00e7ais du Pathological Narcissism Inventory","volume":"52","author":"Diguer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Behav Science\/Revue Can Des Sci du comportement"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000158","article-title":"Development of a brief version of the pathological narcissism inventory","volume":"27","author":"Schoenleber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"B50","article-title":"A new approach to the assessment of obsessive compulsive personality","volume-title":"Integrated paper session conducted at the annual meeting of the Society for Personality Assessment","author":"Pinto","year":"2011"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2018.1428983","article-title":"A psychometric examination of the pathological obsessive compulsive personality scale (POPS): initial study in an undergraduate sample","volume":"101","author":"Sadri","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pers Assessment"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94","article-title":"Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale","volume":"26","author":"Gratz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assessment"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759.22.1.38","article-title":"A french adaptation of the UPPS impulsive behavior scale","volume":"22","author":"Van der Linden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J psychol Assessment"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(00)00064-","article-title":"The Five Factor Model and impulsivity: Using a structural model of personality to understand impulsivity","volume":"30","author":"Whiteside","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pers Individ Differences"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa8301_04","article-title":"Psychological entitlement: interpersonal consequences and validation of a self-report measure","volume":"83","author":"Campbell","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pers Assessment"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2020.109940","article-title":"Twenty-five years with the 20-item toronto alexithymia scale","volume":"131","author":"Bagby","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Psychosomatic Res"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2017.1310730","article-title":"The mentalization scale (MentS): A self-report measure for the assessment of mentalizing capacity","volume":"100","author":"Dimitrijevi\u0107","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479-023-00213-4","article-title":"Body modifications in borderline personality disorder patients: prevalence rates, link with non-suicidal self-injury, and related psychopathology","volume":"10","author":"Blay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Borderline Pers Disord Emot Dysregul"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-7006(06)76136-X","article-title":"Validation du Questionnaire de fonctionnement social (QFS), un autoquestionnaire mesurant la fr\u00e9quence et la satisfaction des comportements sociaux d\u2019une population adulte psychiatrique","volume":"32","author":"Zanello","year":"2006","journal-title":"L\u2019Enc\u00e9phale"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2007.11.018","article-title":"The psychometric validation of the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) in patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"165","author":"Arbuckle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.2190\/T8EM-C8YH-373N-1UWD","article-title":"Assessing psychiatric impairment in primary care with the sheehan disability scale","volume":"27","author":"Leon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry Med"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-199606003-","article-title":"The measurement of disability","volume":"11","author":"Sheehan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int Clin psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/1421-0185\/a000177","article-title":"Validation of the french version of the experiences in close relationships\u2013 revised (ECR-R) adult romantic attachment questionnaire","volume":"75","author":"Favez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Swiss J Psychol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.78.2.350","article-title":"An item response theory analysis of self-report measures of adult attachment","volume":"78","author":"Fraley","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2021.2019053","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the defense mechanisms rating scales-self-report-30 (DMRS-SR-30): internal consistency, validity and factor structure","volume":"104","author":"Prout","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pers Assessment"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1080\/10503300500352500","article-title":"Development and validation of a revised short version of the Working Alliance Inventory","volume":"16","author":"Hatcher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychother Res"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370905400306","article-title":"Demonstrating adherence to guidelines for the treatment of patients with borderline personality disorder","volume":"54","author":"Kolla","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B68","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2022"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713002134","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial and uncontrolled 9-month follow-up of an adjunctive emotion regulation group therapy for deliberate self-harm among women with borderline personality disorder","volume":"44","author":"Gratz","year":"2014","journal-title":"psychol Med"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05450-y","article-title":"Detailed statistical analysis plan for the short-term versus long-term mentalisation-based therapy for outpatients with subthreshold or diagnosed borderline personality disorder randomised clinical trial (MBT-RCT)","volume":"22","author":"Juul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000338897","article-title":"Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of dialectical behaviour therapy for self-harming patients with personality disorder: A pragmatic randomised controlled trial","volume":"81","author":"Priebe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosomatics"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03","article-title":"mice: Multivariate imputation by chained equations in R","volume":"45","author":"Van Buuren","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Stat Software"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.04.004","article-title":"Factors predicting the outcome of psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder: A systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Barnicot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Review"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psychotherapy.20230041","article-title":"Good-enough therapy: A review of the empirical basis of good psychiatric management","volume":"78","author":"Kramer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Psychother"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3182125d19","article-title":"Effects of motive-oriented therapeutic relationship in early-phase treatment of borderline personality disorder: a pilot study of a randomized trial","volume":"199","author":"Kramer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000358528","article-title":"Effects of motive-oriented therapeutic relationship in a ten-session general psychiatric treatment of borderline personality disorder: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"83","author":"Kramer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-06370-2","article-title":"Emotional processing as mechanism of change in brief good psychiatric management for borderline personality disorder: results of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Kramer","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1177\/01410768231181252","article-title":"Should we be so radical as to overlook facts","volume":"116","author":"Blay","year":"2023","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"B79","unstructured":"HMS Postgraduate Education\n          \n          \n            \n              Gunderson\n              J\n            \n            \n              Choi-Kain\n              L\n            \n          \n          General Psychiatric Management for Borderline Personality Disorder\n          \n          2018"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1687987\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T09:13:47Z","timestamp":1771924427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1687987\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1687987"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1687987","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"article-number":"1687987"}}