{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:27:36Z","timestamp":1787027256475,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82404288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82404288"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are well-established risk factors for both non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behaviors (SBs). Actually, NSSI and SBs often co-occur among adolescents. This study aims to examine the specific effects of ACE types on the co-occurrence of NSSI and three stages of SBs in Chinese adolescents, as well as potential gender differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional study was conducted in Chongqing, China. From April to May 2024. A total of 5,143 junior high school students were recruited through stratified cluster sampling. Information was collected through a self-reported questionnaire. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify the co-occurrence patterns of NSSI and SBs. Multinomial logistic regression was employed to examine the independent associations between ACE types and these co-occurrence patterns. Gender differences were assessed using relative odds ratios (\n                      <jats:italic>ROR<\/jats:italic>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of different ACE types ranged from 2.5% to 23.0%, with 46.4% of participants reporting one or more ACEs. Three co-occurrence patterns of NSSI and SBs were identified: low risk class, suicidal ideation class, and suicide attempts class. Physical abuse (odds ratios [\n                      <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\n                      ] = 1.50, 95% confidence intervals [\n                      <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>\n                      ] 1.05 to 2.15) was associated with suicidal ideation class, while emotional abuse (\n                      <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.88, 95%\n                      <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>\n                      1.18 to 3.02) and neglect (\n                      <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.45, 95%\n                      <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>\n                      1.01 to 2.09) were associated with suicide attempts class. A gender difference was found in the association between neglect and suicide attempts class (\n                      <jats:italic>ROR<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2.34, 95%\n                      <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>\n                      1.14 to 4.83).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Suicide attempts (SA) and suicidal ideation (SI) tend to co-occur with NSSI among adolescents. Distinct ACE types have unique effects on this co-occurrence, with gender differences. These findings emphasize the importance of considering NSSI and SBs together, and it is more promising to develop tailored anti-ACEs interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1698537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T08:12:23Z","timestamp":1768205543000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Specific effects of distinct types of adverse childhood experiences on the co-occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behaviors among Chinese adolescents: a latent class analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zhouyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]},{"name":"Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, 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University","place":["Chongqing, China"]},{"name":"Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoke","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]},{"name":"Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]},{"name":"Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]},{"name":"Hechuan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Chongqing, 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