{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T13:07:30Z","timestamp":1771592850767,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In New South Wales (NSW), Australia, police respond to mental health related events every nine minutes, sometimes resulting in negative outcomes, including arrest, use of force and death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this exploratory study, we manually analyzed 100 \u201cpatient\u201d narratives (i.e., narratives with the involvement type for the suspected individual set by police as \u201cpatient\u201d) to describe police encounters with individuals reported to have psychotic disorders in NSW from 2017 to 2021 to identify the reasons for police involvement, arrest circumstances, and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 100 events, 59% involved males, 40% females, and one transgender patient. Most (60%) reported multiple mental illnesses, and 44% involved substance use and alcohol. Half (53%) occurred at the patient\u2019s residence, followed by public places (17%). Police were called by the patient (25%), or a family member\/partner (24%). Common reasons included welfare concerns (22%) and domestic disputes (18%). Only 11% resulted in arrest, while 71% resulted in transport to hospital\/mental health unit. More than half (55%) resulted in the patient being scheduled under the Mental Health Act. Use of force was minimal, reported in 5% of events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our preliminary findings challenge the stereotype of \u201cdangerous\u201d mentally ill individuals, with most police encounters involving welfare outcomes. Interactions with police such as those examined here present an opportunity for mental health services diversion, and cross-sectoral collaboration to address community care gaps. This study underscores the role police play in managing those experiencing mental health crises and the need for police training to effectively manage these situations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1728409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T12:25:27Z","timestamp":1771590327000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Who you gonna call? Examining police reports involving people with psychosis to improve front line management"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"George","family":"Karystianis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Health, University of New South Wales","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Freya","family":"Stephenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Health, University of New South Wales","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Taflan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Health, University of New South Wales","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Reutens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ed","family":"Heffernan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Unit, Queensland Police Force","place":["Brisbane, QLD, Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Health, University of New South Wales","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201300053","article-title":"Police encounters involving citizens with mental illness: use of resources and outcomes","volume":"65","author":"Charette","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2014.00186","article-title":"How to improve interactions between police and the mentally ill","volume":"5","author":"Krameddine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11896-020-09398-8","article-title":"How do police officers experience interactions with people with mental illness","volume":"36","author":"Wittmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"J police criminal Psychol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13731","article-title":"Re-examining mental health crisis intervention: A rapid review comparing outcomes across police, co-responder and non-police models","volume":"30","author":"Marcus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Community"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11896-024-09723-5","article-title":"How do people with mental illness experience conflictual police encounters? 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