{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T06:07:37Z","timestamp":1788847657838,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treating sleep difficulties -\u00a0a core symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - can improve both sleep and broader psychiatric outcomes. Digital health (dHealth) applications offer a scalable way to deliver cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-i), particularly for trauma survivors facing barriers to care. However, adherence to these interventions is often poor and may be improved through human support, especially for more demanding components such as sleep rescheduling. This study evaluated the usability, adherence, and preliminary efficacy of a dHealth application delivering sleep rescheduling both with and without coach support, alongside self-guided stimulus control and sleep hygiene components.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Female sexual assault survivors were assigned to one of two groups comparing the sleep rescheduling component of the dHealth application: either coach-assisted (n = 27) or self-guided (n = 27). All participants received stimulus control and sleep hygiene information embedded in the application, in the form of a newsletter, including a third comparator group (n = 25), which received this information only. Usability and negative effects were self-reported. Adherence was assessed via dropout rates, application engagement, newsletter openings, and compliance with sleep prescriptions. Efficacy was measured by changes in insomnia, depressive, and PTSD symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The self-guided group reported lower satisfaction and more negative effects than controls. Compared to the self-guided group, coach-assisted participants showed better adherence to sleep prescriptions. Across groups, insomnia and depressive symptoms decreased significantly. Preliminary evaluation of efficacy showed that PTSD symptoms improved substantially in the coach-assisted and comparator groups, while improvements in the self-guided group plateaued after initial gains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Unguided application use was associated with poorer usability, greater negative effects, lower adherence, and some potential weaker outcomes. Preliminary findings suggest that sleep rescheduling may benefit from human support to be effective. Where coaching is unavailable, simple stimulus control and sleep hygiene education may be preferable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1651928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T05:34:12Z","timestamp":1788845652000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Usability, adherence and efficacy of coach-augmented dHealth cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia in South African sexual assault survivors: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Gosia","family":"Lipinska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuropsychology Team (ACSENT) & UCT Sleep Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town","place":["Cape Town, South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Boland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuropsychology Team (ACSENT) & UCT Sleep Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town","place":["Cape Town, South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sage E.","family":"Seef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuropsychology Team (ACSENT) & UCT Sleep Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town","place":["Cape Town, South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A. A.","family":"Rink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuropsychology Team (ACSENT) & UCT Sleep Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town","place":["Cape Town, South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000167","article-title":"Epidemiology of posttraumatic stress disorder: prevalence, correlates and consequences","volume":"28","author":"Atwoli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"Crime Statistics 2018\/2019\n          \n          2019"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260518769352","article-title":"Experiences of gender-based violence at a South African university: prevalence and effect on rape myth acceptance","volume":"36","author":"FinChilescu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/samj.2016.v106i11.12013","article-title":"Intimate partner violence at a tertiary institution","volume":"106","author":"Spencer","year":"2016","journal-title":"South Afr Med J"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7154","article-title":"Insomnia symptoms among female veterans: prevalence, risk factors, and the impact on psychosocial functioning and health care utilization","volume":"14","author":"Babson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.7028","article-title":"Association of stress-related disorders with subsequent autoimmune disease","volume":"319","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175240","article-title":"Mental ill health in structural pathways to women's experiences of intimate partner violence","volume":"12","author":"Machisa","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.07.023","article-title":"Risk for post-traumatic stress disorder associated with different forms of interpersonal violence in South Africa","volume":"67","author":"Kaminer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01555","article-title":"Better sleep in a strange bed? Sleep quality in South African women with posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"8","author":"Lipinska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2522","article-title":"Pharmacology for sleep disturbance in PTSD","volume":"31","author":"Lipinska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol - Clin Exp"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/milmed-d-16-00010","article-title":"What are effective psychological interventions for veterans with sleep disturbances? A rapid evidence assessment","volume":"182","author":"Phelps","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12040432","article-title":"Sleep disturbances as the hallmark of PTSD: where are we now","volume":"170","author":"Germain","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.08.008","article-title":"Disturbed sleep in post-traumatic stress disorder: secondary symptom or core feature","volume":"12","author":"Spoormaker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.1071","article-title":"Predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder following severe injury","volume":"14","author":"Mellman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Depression Anxiety"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.5.855","article-title":"Sleep complaints as early predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder: a 1-year prospective study of injured survivors of motor vehicle accidents","volume":"159","author":"Koren","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12122","article-title":"Disrupted rapid eye movement sleep predicts poor declarative memory performance in post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"23","author":"Lipinska","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12846","article-title":"Rapid eye movement fragmentation, not slow-wave sleep, predicts neutral declarative memory consolidation in posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"28","author":"Lipinska","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.5665\/SLEEP.32.1.19","article-title":"Sleep promotes generalization of extinction of conditioned fear","volume":"32","author":"Pace-Schott","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zsab261","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsab261","article-title":"Associations of sleep measures with neural activations accompanying fear conditioning and extinction learning and memory in trauma-exposed individuals","volume":"45","author":"Seo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22939","article-title":"Treatment of comorbid sleep disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder in U.S. active duty military personnel: a pilot randomized clinical trial","volume":"36","author":"Taylor","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104717","article-title":"Efficacy and acceptability of psychotherapeutic and pharmacological interventions for trauma-related nightmares: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"139","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20199","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial for treatment of chronic nightmares in trauma-exposed adults","volume":"20","author":"Davis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24m15584","DOI":"10.4088\/jcp.24m15584","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia with prolonged exposure compared to sleep hygiene and prolonged exposure: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"86","author":"Colvonen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jphp.2011.35","article-title":"Inequities in access to health care in South Africa","author":"Harris","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Public Health Policy"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.25159\/2520-5293\/1487","article-title":"Barriers to accessing mental health care in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa","volume":"16","author":"Strumpher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Afr J Nurs Midwifery"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2014.0135","article-title":"Unmet medical care and sexual health counseling needs-: a cross-sectional study among university students in Uganda","volume":"25","author":"Kyagaba","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Health Care For Poor Underserved"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4088\/jcp.0108e02","article-title":"State of the science: evidence-based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder delivered via telehealth","volume":"38","author":"Bruce","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"B28","unstructured":"General Household Survey (Ghs)\n          \n          2025"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/51716","article-title":"Assessing the short-term efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia with different types of coaching: randomized controlled comparative trial","volume":"11","author":"Chan","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1460458216656472","article-title":"A randomized controlled pilot study of CBT-i Coach: feasibility, acceptability, and potential impact of a mobile phone application for patients in cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia","volume":"24","author":"Koffel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Inf J"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10880-023-09992-y","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia self-management mobile apps: a review of efficacy and quality","volume":"31","author":"Rowan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol Med Settings"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/isrctn17117237","article-title":"Emotional processing following digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in people with depressive symptoms: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"8","author":"Tamm","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-019-0093-1","article-title":"Using science to sell apps: evaluation of mental health app store quality claims","volume":"2","author":"Larsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"NPJ Digital Med"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1078-0","article-title":"The utilization of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine for non-communicable diseases and mental disorders in health care patients in Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam","volume":"16","author":"Peltzer","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMCComplement Altern Med"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/33307","article-title":"Human support in app-based cognitive behavioral therapies for emotional disorders: scoping review","volume":"24","author":"Bernstein","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/48168","article-title":"Attrition in conversational agent-delivered mental health interventions: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Jabir","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13975","article-title":"Adherence to sleep restriction therapy \u2013 an evaluation of existing measures","volume":"32","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","article-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)","year":"2013","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110208856.233","article-title":"World medical association declaration of Helsinki. Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects","volume":"79","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2017.1301941","article-title":"The short-term efficacy of an unguided internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia: a randomized controlled trial with a six-month nonrandomized follow-up","volume":"17","author":"Hagatun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Sleep Med"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.66","article-title":"Efficacy of an internet-based behavioral intervention for adults with insomnia","volume":"66","author":"Ritterband","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000163","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of a smartphone app for posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms","volume":"85","author":"Kuhn","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Consulting Clin Psychol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2015.09.005","article-title":"Using PTSD Coach in primary care with and without clinician support: a pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"38","author":"Possemato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03193146","article-title":"G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"B45","article-title":"The life events checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5)","author":"Weathers","year":"2013"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191104269954","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the life events checklist","volume":"11","author":"Gray","year":"2004","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-200109000-00005","article-title":"SPRINT: a brief global assessment of post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"16","author":"Connor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20202","article-title":"A comparison of the SPRINT and CAPS assessment scales for posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"23","author":"Vaishnavi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Depression Anxiety"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11218-016-9352-z","article-title":"Recollections of childhood bullying and multiple forms of victimization: correlates with psychological functioning among college students","volume":"19","author":"Espelage","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soc Psychol Educ"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/s1389-9457(00)00065-4","article-title":"Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research","volume":"2","author":"Bastien","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20160090","DOI":"10.1515\/ijamh-2016-0090","article-title":"Validity and reliability of insomnia severity index and its correlation with pittsburgh sleep quality index in poor sleepers among Indian university students","volume":"32","author":"Veqar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Adolesc Med Health"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Internal Med"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2019.0226","article-title":"The psychometric properties of the patient health questionnaire-9 in a sample of Korean university students","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Invest"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2019.03.009","article-title":"Screening for suicide risk in adult sleep patients","volume":"46","author":"Drapeau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.10111704","article-title":"The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale: initial validity and internal consistency findings from three multisite studies with adolescents and adults","volume":"168","author":"Posner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B56","article-title":"CBT-i Coach\u2014Apple (Version 2.4) [Mobile app","volume-title":"App Store","year":"2019"},{"key":"B57","article-title":"CBT-i Coach\u2014Android (Version 2.03) [Mobile app","volume-title":"Google Play Store","year":"2019"},{"key":"B58","unstructured":"Mailchimp [Online\n          \n          \n          \n          2020"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1352465819000018","article-title":"The Negative Effects Questionnaire: psychometric properties of an instrument for assessing negative effects in psychological treatments","volume":"47","author":"Rozental","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Cogn Psychother"},{"key":"B60","article-title":"SUS: A \u2018quick and dirty\u2019 usability scale","volume-title":"Usability Evaluation in Industry","author":"Brooke","year":"1996"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2018.1455307","article-title":"The system usability scale: past, present, and future","volume":"34","author":"Lewis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Hum-Comput Interact"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2015.1064658","article-title":"Measuring the usability of mobile applications for phones and tablets","volume":"31","author":"Kortum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Hum-Comput Interact"},{"key":"B63","article-title":"Item benchmarks for the system usability scale","volume":"13","author":"Lewis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Usability Stud"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.5195\/ijt.2016.6196","article-title":"Development of the telehealth usability questionnaire (TUQ)","volume":"8","author":"Parmanto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Telerehabil"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.m2146","article-title":"Development, validation, and use of English and Spanish versions of the telemedicine satisfaction and usefulness questionnaire","volume":"13","author":"Bakken","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Med Inf Assoc"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/1357633001935914","article-title":"A questionnaire for the assessment of patients' impressions of the risks and benefits of home telecare","volume":"6","author":"Demiris","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Telemed Telecare"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1258\/135763303321159693","article-title":"Development of the Telemedicine Satisfaction Questionnaire to evaluate patient satisfaction with telemedicine: a preliminary study","volume":"9","author":"Yip","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Telemed Telecare"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.5195\/ijt.2018.6268","article-title":"The provider's experience of delivering an education-based wellness program via telehealth","volume":"10","author":"Serwe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Telerehabil"},{"key":"B69","unstructured":"Create a blocked randomisation list (Version 1.19.1) [Online\n          \n          \n          \n          2020"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03","article-title":"mice: Multivariate imputation by chained equations in R","volume":"45","author":"van Buuren","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Stat Software"},{"key":"B71","article-title":"SPSS statistics (Version 30)[Macintosh","volume-title":"Ibm Spss Corp","year":"2025"},{"key":"B72","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2025"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2011.03.016","article-title":"No pain, no gain: an exploratory within-subjects mixed-methods evaluation of the patient experience of sleep restriction therapy (SRT) for insomnia","volume":"12","author":"Kyle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-28853-0","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of onsite, digital, and other settings for cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Simon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/68665","article-title":"Assessment of an app-based sleep program to improve sleep outcomes in a clinical insomnia population: randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Staiano","year":"2025","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth uHealth"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.08.020","article-title":"Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"75","author":"Soh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2024.102507","article-title":"Network meta-analysis examining efficacy of components of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia","volume":"114","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2021.101493","article-title":"The clinical effects of sleep restriction therapy for insomnia: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"58","author":"Maurer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/65228","article-title":"Digital cognitive behavioral therapy-based treatment for insomnia, nightmares, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in survivors of wildfires: pilot randomized feasibility trial","volume":"12","author":"Isaac","year":"2025","journal-title":"JMIR Hum Factors"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsab185","article-title":"Mode of delivery of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial of digital and face-to-face therapy","volume":"44","author":"Kallestad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-17417-6","article-title":"The effectiveness of mental health interventions involving non-specialists and digital technology in low-and middle-income countries - a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Mudiyanselage","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2666-7568(22)00121-0","article-title":"Digital interventions for depression and anxiety in older adults: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials","volume":"3","author":"Riadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longevity"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00568","article-title":"Designing and using digital mental health interventions for older adults: being aware of digital inequality","volume":"10","author":"Seifert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1651928\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T05:34:14Z","timestamp":1788845654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1651928\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1651928"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1651928","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"article-number":"1651928"}}