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Ghrelin, a stomach-derived peptide with central actions in hypothalamic and limbic circuits, has emerged as a candidate linking DS with alterations in sleep, circadian regulation, mood, and cognition. Both acylated and unacylated isoforms exhibit distinct biological activities, and accumulating evidence points to roles in sleep architecture, stress responsivity, and neuroplasticity, as well as in disorders such as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and narcolepsy. Experimental studies indicate that DS frequently coincides with changes in circulating ghrelin, although findings remain heterogeneous and influenced by methodological and contextual factors. Overall, ghrelin may contribute to the pathways through which DS influences emotional regulation and cognitive functioning. 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