{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T08:15:36Z","timestamp":1790237736556,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cyberbullying (CYB) is an increasing problem, especially among young people, requiring new ways to measure this construct. Currently, there are gaps in the development of a scale to validate the identification of CYB. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate the Scale of Cyberbullying and Online Aggressive Conduct (SCOAC), considering a sample of 642 adolescents (11\u201317 years old).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For the internal structure, we conducted Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Network Analysis (NA) on 60% of the sample, followed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) on the remaining 40%, with multigroup invariance analyses by gender. We also evaluated external evidence, including criterion validity (using the Florence Cybervictimization Inventory - FCBVS), convergent validity (SAS-SV, SPAI-SF, STDS, IAT, PIUQ-9), and nomological validity (DASS-21, DERS-18, UPPS-P, aggression, quality of life, CRAFFT\/CESARE). Predictive validity was examined with an ROC curve based on risk classes from Latent Profile Analysis (LPA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EFA indicated KMO\u00a0=\u00a00.890 and explained 72.4% of the variance; the final 3-factor solution with 17 items (Threat; Defamation\/Exposure; Emotional Problems) was confirmed in the CFA (CFI\u00a0=\u00a00.991; TLI\u00a0=\u00a00.989; RMSEA\u22480.030; SRMR\u00a0=\u00a00.048). The reliability of the SCOAC was high (total \u03b1=0.915; total \u03c9=0.919; subscales \u03b1=0.837\u20130.873). In criterion validity, the total SCOAC score correlated with the FCBVSs instrument (\u03c1 = 0.649). In convergent validity, we found higher correlations with indicators of smartphone use\/messaging. In the nomological validity analysis, correlations were moderate for anxiety (\u03c1=0.437), stress (\u03c1=0.404), and depression (\u03c1=0.387). The ROC analysis showed an AUC of 0.85 (95% CI 0.82\u20130.88) and a cutoff point of \u22658. 29.9% were classified as having signs of CYB and demonstrated greater emotional distress, impulsivity, emotional dysregulation, aggression, poorer quality of life, and increased substance involvement compared to others.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The SCOAC has a stable structure, high reliability, strong evidence of validity, and good screening accuracy for CYB, making it a brief, practical tool for identifying cyber risks among adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  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