{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T06:13:58Z","timestamp":1779257638187,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":205,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Magical thinking (MT) involves beliefs that thoughts or actions can influence events in unrealistic ways. While MT is integral to obsessive compulsive disorder, and reflected in the cognitive features of schizophrenia, it is observable across the general population in various forms. Given its prevalence and potential relevance to a range of psychiatric conditions, understanding more about what may predispose an individual to MT, and how it may in some cases culminate in psychological distress or dysfunction would be helpful. This paper reports a systematic review of studies investigating MT, encompassing both magical ideation and thought-action fusion specifically, across the disciplines of psychiatry and psychology, to shed further light on the likely predisposing factors and behavioural consequences of MT, its potential neurobiological underpinnings, and role in psychiatric symptomatology. After exclusions, 191 studies were identified that explored MT in association with a diverse array of secondary topics, from gambling compulsions to childhood trauma, within both clinical and non-clinical samples, across a range of cultural contexts. On an intra-individual level, MT demonstrates numerous cognitive and emotional correlates, and on a societal level it may influence both social custom and religious tradition. A synthesis of the available evidence uncovers unexplored relationships with social cognition and mental health, and future research investigating its emerging relationships with stress, mood and social connection, may uncover functions beyond those exhibited by a simple marker of psychopathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1759906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T05:47:54Z","timestamp":1779256074000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The many manifestations of magical thinking: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Clare M.","family":"Eddy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham","place":["Birmingham, United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Research and Development, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust (BSMHFT), National Centre for Mental Health","place":["Birmingham, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(93)90066-4","article-title":"Obsessions, responsibility, and guilt","volume":"31","author":"Rachman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-6185(96)00018-7","article-title":"Thought-action fusion in obsessive compulsive disorder","volume":"10","author":"Shafran","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0005-7967(03)00160-8","article-title":"The presence of magical thinking in obsessive compulsive disorder","volume":"42","author":"Einstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/ijct.2010.3.3.304","article-title":"The relationship between magical thinking, thought-action fusion and obsessive-compulsive symptoms","volume":"3","author":"Rees","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Cogn Ther"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006x.51.2.215","article-title":"Magical ideation as an indicator of schizotypy","volume":"51","author":"Eckblad","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.402","article-title":"Does meta-cognition or responsibility predict obsessive-compulsive symptoms: a test of the metacognitive model","volume":"11","author":"Gwilliam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.07.008","article-title":"Metacognitions in patients with hallucinations and obsessive-compulsive disorder: the superstition factor","volume":"44","author":"Garc\u00eda-Montes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08039488.2014.902500","article-title":"The role of magical thinking in hallucinations. 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