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While refugee camps are designed to ensure physical safety, they often expose young residents to chronic deprivation, limited mobility, and psychosocial isolation. Conversely, urban resettlement may foster autonomy and integration yet introduce new forms of structural and cultural stress. Understanding how environmental context shapes trauma and coping among refugee youth is essential to designing context-sensitive interventions. A qualitative brief meta-synthesis was previously conducted with 984 refugees following the five-stage approach proposed by Lachal et\u00a0al. Twenty-four peer-reviewed qualitative and mixed-methods studies published between 2017 and 2025 were retrieved from PsycINFO, PubMed\/Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science. The synthesis was guided by Bronfenbrenner\u2019s ecological model to capture multilevel environmental influences on mental health. Across both contexts, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and somatization were consistently prevalent, though their presentation differed. In four refugee camps (248 individuals), cumulative trauma exposure, legal uncertainty, and spatial confinement intensified acute distress and collective grief, often manifesting through somatic symptoms and perceived helplessness. In 19 urban resettlement cases (736 individuals, 677 being children), refugees displayed lower acute stress but higher chronic depression and adjustment difficulties, largely driven by discrimination, social isolation, and integration. Narratives emphasized hope, agency, and bicultural adaptation as key resilience mechanisms. Environmental context fundamentally shapes refugee children\u2019s psychological trajectories: camps amplify survival-based distress, whereas resettlement introduces persistent psychosocial strain. 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