{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:04:35Z","timestamp":1790913875989,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) frequently co-occur, yet their comorbid presentation (ASD+ADHD) remains under- characterized. Clarifying cognitive and behavioral profiles is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 207 children and adolescents (ages 6\u201316) were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children \u2013 Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 6\u201318). Participants were grouped into ASD (n = 21), ADHD (n = 103), and ASD+ADHD (n = 83) cohorts. Group differences were analyzed through ANOVAs with Bonferroni corrections; Pearson correlations explored associations between cognitive indices and behavioral outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with ASD+ADHD scored significantly lower than the ASD group in working memory, processing speed, and full-scale IQ, while no significant differences emerged between the ASD+ADHD and ADHD groups. Behaviorally, ADHD participants exhibited higher externalizing symptoms (e.g., aggression, rule-breaking), while the ASD group showed greater withdrawn\/depressed traits. The comorbid group presented the broadest dysregulation, with elevated scores across both internalizing and externalizing domains, including Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Notably, protective associations between cognitive abilities and behavioral regulation, present in ASD and ADHD, were absent in the ASD+ADHD group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings suggest that ASD+ADHD comorbidity represents a distinct clinical profile, marked by compounded cognitive impairments and pervasive emotional-behavioral dysregulation. These patterns underscore the need for differential diagnostic approaches and tailored interventions that account for the unique neurocognitive architecture of comorbid presentations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1765698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T12:06:54Z","timestamp":1772539614000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cognitive and emotional profiles in children with ASD, ADHD, and comorbid presentations: evidence for a distinct clinical phenotype"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Antonio","family":"Narzisi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Psychiatry and Psychopharmacology, IRCCS Foundation Stella Maris","place":["Pisa, 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