{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T14:35:32Z","timestamp":1777041332185,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003042","name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023_EKEA.45"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023_EKEA.45"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003042","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023321","name":"Graduiertenakademie, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Attention Training Technique (ATT) is a core intervention of metacognitive therapy (MCT) effective in reducing repetitive negative thinking by engaging the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). The current study tests whether a parallel random number generation (RNG) task can serve as a behavioral marker of attentional engagement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted two studies using the fMRI-adapted ATT paradigm combined with a parallel RNG task. In the behavioral study (N\u00a0=\u00a036), we compared two task versions with short (21 presses) versus long (45 presses) trials. In the fMRI study (N\u00a0=\u00a042), the ATT paradigm was performed with either parallel RNG or a motor control task. Markers of randomness (i.e., Redundancy, Repetition Gap, and Coupon scores) were compared between ATT conditions. Trait AC was measured using the Attentional Control Scale (ACS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Randomness was reduced during ATT compared to control trials in both studies (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;.021). Additional analyses showed that 1) across conditions, two of the RNG scores correlated with indices from a standard RNG task (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;.029); 2) ATT-control differences in RNG performance were detected in short and long trials of the ATT paradigm; and 3) ATT-control differences in Redundancy were associated with self-reported trait AC (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .039). Further, RNG selectively activated regions within the dorsal attention network (\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        p\n                        <jats:sub>FWE<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;.05) and dual-task interference attenuated ATT-related task-network activation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings establish RNG as a feasible and sensitive behavioral marker of ATT engagement and offer the opportunity to link behavioral performance during ATT to individual differences in AC. However, dual-task demands limit the use of RNG as a behavioral marker, particularly in fMRI which calls for alternative, behavior-independent measures of attentional effort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1765858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T12:27:37Z","timestamp":1777033657000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Randomness as a behavioral marker of attentional control during the attention training technique and its neural correlates"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Kristina","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","place":["Dresden, 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