{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T12:11:29Z","timestamp":1793189489803,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Public mental health has become an increasing concern over recent decades, accompanied by a rapid expansion of public awareness campaigns aimed at improving population mental well-being. We argue that while psychiatric interpretations of distress promoted by these campaigns may be beneficial for individuals with clinically significant mental disorders, emerging evidence suggests that the same interpretations may have unintended adverse effects among psychologically healthy individuals. We argue that empirical support for the effectiveness of universal mental health awareness campaigns remains limited and that their benefits are frequently overstated due to selective or overly generalized interpretations of existing studies. We propose that effective mental health promotion should move beyond uniform messaging toward individualized approaches that foster flexibility in how distress is understood and managed. Finally, we suggest that mathematical modelling and artificial intelligence offer promising technical tools for designing such adaptive, individualized mental health promotion strategies, and provide an example of the latter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1775419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T05:56:32Z","timestamp":1778219792000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Beyond awareness: mental health promotion requires epistemic diversity, not pathologization"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Vojtech","family":"Pisl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Studies of Brain and Consciousness, National Institute of Mental Health","place":["Klecany, Czechia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University","place":["Pilsen, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladan","family":"Starcevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Nepean Clinical School","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia"]},{"name":"Nepean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry","place":["Penrith, NSW, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiri","family":"Horacek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Studies of Brain and Consciousness, National Institute of Mental Health","place":["Klecany, Czechia"]},{"name":"Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University","place":["Prague, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Vevera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Studies of Brain and Consciousness, National Institute of Mental Health","place":["Klecany, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Beeker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Brandenburg Theodor Fontane","place":["Neuruppin, Germany"]},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School","place":["Neuruppin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/BJB.2024.101","article-title":"Social contagion, the psychiatric symptom pool and non-suicidal self-injury","volume":"49","author":"Paris","year":"2025","journal-title":"BJPsych Bull"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JADOHEALTH.2011.06.013","article-title":"Is depression contagious? A test of alternative peer socialization mechanisms of depressive symptoms in adolescent peer networks","volume":"50","author":"Kiuru","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMAPSYCHIATRY.2024.1126","article-title":"Transmission of mental disorders in adolescent peer networks","volume":"81","author":"Alho","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8788","DOI":"10.1073\/PNAS.1320040111","article-title":"Experimental evidence of massive-scale emotional contagion through social networks","volume":"111","author":"Kramer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S13034-025-00946-W","article-title":"NSSI contagion in adolescent friendships: exploring the impact of peer influence","volume":"19","author":"Ke","year":"2025","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JBTEP.2019.101515","article-title":"Effects of awareness material featuring individuals with experience of depression and suicidal thoughts on an audience with depressive symptoms: randomized controlled trial","volume":"66","author":"Niederkrotenthaler","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"key":"B7","first-page":"297","article-title":"Conceptual tools for a natural science of society and culture","author":"Sperber","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Br Acad"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/ppp.2025.a971232","article-title":"From suffering to disorders: conceptual analysis of reification in psychiatry","volume":"32","author":"Pisl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Philosophy Psychiatry Psychol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691613504116","article-title":"Regulatory flexibility: an individual differences perspective on coping and emotion regulation","volume":"8","author":"Bonanno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Perspect psychol Sci"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X1400082X","article-title":"A conceptual framework for the neurobiological study of resilience","author":"Kalisch","year":"2015"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018301","article-title":"Making sense of the meaning literature: an integrative review of meaning making and its effects on adjustment to stressful life events","volume":"136","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.809239","article-title":"Global adversities, the media, and mental health","volume":"12","author":"Kesner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30100-1","article-title":"Common versus specific factors in psychotherapy: opening the black box","volume":"4","author":"Mulder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/WPS.20292","article-title":"The nature of psychiatric disorders","volume":"15","author":"Kendler","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710001844","article-title":"What kinds of things are psychiatric disorders","volume":"41","author":"Kendler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2020.1845125","article-title":"The medical model and its application in mental health","volume":"33","author":"Huda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.5871\/bacad\/9780197264249.003.0010","article-title":"Kinds of people: moving targets","volume":"151","author":"Hacking","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Br Acad"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0B013E318257C4A2","article-title":"Diagnostic inflation: causes and a suggested cure","volume":"200","author":"Batstra","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nervous Ment Dis"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEWIDEAPSYCH.2023.101010","article-title":"Are mental health awareness efforts contributing to the rise in reported mental health problems? A call to test the prevalence inflation hypothesis","volume":"69","author":"Foulkes","year":"2023","journal-title":"New Ideas Psychol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60016-7","article-title":"Terror management theory of self-esteem and cultural worldviews: empirical assessments and conceptual refinements","volume":"29","author":"Greenberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv Exp Soc Psychol"},{"key":"B21","volume-title":"Health, stress, and coping","author":"Antonovsky","year":"1982"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0959354314531523","article-title":"Languages of suffering","volume":"24","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Theor Psychol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.3389\/FPSYT.2022.1055328","article-title":"ADHD and reification: four ways a psychiatric construct is portrayed as a disease","volume":"13","author":"te Meerman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-025-09938-z","article-title":"Does the wide reach of the \u201ctrauma-informed\u201d model exceed its narrow grasp","volume":"49","author":"Pisl","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cult Med Psychiatry"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0232462","article-title":"The emergence of social gaps in mental health: a longitudinal population study in Sweden, 1900-1959","volume":"15","author":"Junkka","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10673229.2012.726525","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of severe mental illness in the United States: an historical overview","volume":"20","author":"Baumeister","year":"2012","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"B27","unstructured":"Mental health\n          \n          \n          \n          2026"},{"key":"B28","unstructured":"SAMHSA releases new 2024 data on rates of mental illness and substance use disorder in the U.S. | National Association of Counties\n          \n          \n          \n          2025"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/1047840X.2016.1082418","article-title":"Concept creep: psychology\u2019s expanding concepts of harm and pathology","volume":"27","author":"Haslam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Inq"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10463283.2020.1796080","article-title":"Harm inflation: making sense of concept creep","volume":"31","author":"Haslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Rev Soc Psychol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/SOR.2020.0052","article-title":"The creeping concept of trauma","volume":"87","author":"Haslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc Research: Int Q"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/TRM0000169","article-title":"Trauma or adversity","volume":"25","author":"Krupnik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Traumatology (Tallahass Fla)"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/JPN.230161","article-title":"Public discourse on mental health: a critical view","volume":"49","author":"Malla","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FPSYT.2021.645556","article-title":"Psychiatrization of society: a conceptual framework and call for transdisciplinary research","volume":"12","author":"Beeker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327957PSPR0803_5","article-title":"It\u2019s beyond my control: a cross-temporal meta-analysis of increasing externality in locus of control, 1960-2002","volume":"8","author":"Twenge","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pers Soc Psychol Rev"},{"key":"B36","first-page":"93","article-title":"Semantic changes in harm-related concepts in English","volume-title":"Computational approaches to semantic change (Language Variation 6)","author":"Vylomova","year":"2021"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.18653\/V1\/W19-4704","article-title":"Evaluation of semantic change of harm-related concepts in psychology","author":"Vylomova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc 1st Int Workshop Comput Approaches to Historical Lang Change"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.lchange-1.13","article-title":"Semantic shifts in mental health-related concepts","author":"Baes","year":"2023","journal-title":"LChange 2023 - 4th Int Workshop Comput Approaches to Historical Lang Change 2023 Proc"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FSOC.2021.806147","article-title":"Concept creep and psychiatrization","volume":"6","author":"Haslam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Sociology"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/73950","article-title":"Revisiting the semantic severity of anxiety and depression: computational linguistic study of normalization and pathologization","volume":"27","author":"Pisl","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.newideapsych.2025.101148","article-title":"Psychiatrization in Czech lexical data: everyday adjectives are acquiring clinical connotations","volume":"78","author":"Pisl","year":"2025","journal-title":"New Ideas Psychol"},{"key":"B42","volume-title":"Why borders matter: why humanity must relearn the art of drawing boundaries","author":"Furedi","year":"2021"},{"key":"B43","volume-title":"Saving normal: an insider\u2019s revolt against out-of-control psychiatric diagnosis, DSM-5, Big Pharma, and the medicalization of ordinary life","author":"Frances","year":"2013"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315576930","volume-title":"Diagnostic cultures A cultural approach to the pathologization of modern life","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2016"},{"key":"B45","volume-title":"Therapy Culture Cultivating vulnerability in an uncertain age","author":"Furedi","year":"2004"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10398562241292202","article-title":"Public awareness of mental illness: mental health literacy or concept creep","volume":"33","author":"Haslam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Australas Psychiatry"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-6504-1_8","article-title":"Overdiagnosis, underdiagnosis, synthesis: a dialectic for psychiatry and the DSM","volume-title":"Making the DSM-5: concepts and controversies","author":"Pierre","year":"2013"},{"key":"B48","volume-title":"HOW FEAR WORKS: culture of fear in the twenty-first century","author":"Furedi","year":"2018"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1163\/15691330-12341332","article-title":"Microaggression and moral cultures","volume":"13","author":"Campbell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comp Sociology"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21160","article-title":"The social determinants of mental health and disorder: evidence, prevention and recommendations","volume":"23","author":"Kirkbride","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1192\/BJA.2018.29","article-title":"A paradigm shift: relationships in trauma-informed mental health services","volume":"24","author":"Sweeney","year":"2018","journal-title":"BJPsych Adv"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.12.031","article-title":"Income inequality and health: A causal review","volume":"128","author":"Pickett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.848556","article-title":"A scoping review and narrative synthesis comparing the constructs of social determinants of health and social determinants of mental health: Matryoshka or two independent constructs","volume":"13","author":"Handerer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470713570.CH12","article-title":"Cross-cultural perspectives on the medicalization of human suffering","author":"Summerfield","year":"2008","journal-title":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Issues Controversies"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14220","article-title":"Internal but not external locus of control predicts acute stress response","volume":"60","author":"Zhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/TRA0001063","article-title":"Does broadening one\u2019s concept of trauma undermine resilience","volume":"14","author":"Jones","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/S10879-009-9130-8\/","article-title":"Making meaning of trauma: Trauma exposure doesn\u2019t tell the whole story","volume":"40","author":"Cromer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Contemp Psychother"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/mac0000268","article-title":"Concept creep and the calibration of harm","volume":"15","author":"Haslam","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Appl Res Mem Cognit"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PEDN.2023.09.017","article-title":"The association of mental health literacy with mental well-being and help-seeking in young people: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"\u00d6zparlak","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pediatr Nurs"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/BJP.2024.106","article-title":"The problem with mental health awareness","volume":"225","author":"Foulkes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/J.1326-5377.1997.TB140071.X","article-title":"Mental health literacy\u201d: a survey of the public\u2019s ability to recognise mental disorders and their beliefs about the effectiveness of treatment","volume":"166","author":"Jorm","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743715616609","article-title":"Mental health literacy: Past, present, and future","volume":"61","author":"Kutcher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638237.2018.1437613","article-title":"Mental health literacy as theory: current challenges and future directions","volume":"28","author":"Spiker","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Ment Health"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/S12889-020-08734-1","article-title":"A systematic literature review of existing conceptualisation and measurement of mental health literacy in adolescent research: Current challenges and inconsistencies","volume":"20","author":"Mansfield","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B65","article-title":"Mental disorders: a glamorous attraction on social media","volume":"7","author":"Jadayel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Teach Educ"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796022000488","article-title":"Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences impact of celebrity disclosure on mental health-related stigma","volume":"31","author":"Gronholm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-26282-6_23","article-title":"Preventing suicidality through online tools: The SUPREME Project","volume-title":"Understanding suicide from diagnosis to personalized treatment","author":"Carli","year":"2016"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/26158","article-title":"Efficacy of an mHealth intervention (BRAVE) to promote mental wellness for American Indian and Alaska Native teenagers and young adults: Randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Craig Rushing","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/68124","article-title":"The effectiveness of social media campaigns in improving knowledge and attitudes toward mental health and help-seeking in high-income countries: Scoping review","volume":"27","author":"Plackett","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1177\/15248399241232646","article-title":"A systematic review of the impacts of media mental health awareness campaigns on young people","volume":"25","author":"Tam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Promot Pract"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/51268","article-title":"The effect of digital mental health literacy interventions on mental health: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Yeo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/WPS.20858","article-title":"The Horyzons project: a randomized controlled trial of a novel online social therapy to maintain treatment effects from specialist first-episode psychosis services","volume":"20","author":"Alvarez-Jimenez","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.INVENT.2021.100385","article-title":"Support for a non-therapist assisted, Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (iCBT) intervention for mental health in rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"24","author":"Blaney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2022-300464","article-title":"Do mindfulness-based programmes improve the cognitive skills, behaviour and mental health of children and adolescents? An updated meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"25","author":"Dunning","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evidence Based Ment Health"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.10.005","article-title":"School-based depression and anxiety prevention programs for young people: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Werner-Seidler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.5463","article-title":"Do web-based mental health literacy interventions improve the mental health literacy of adult consumers? Results from a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Brijnath","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/50399","article-title":"Feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of a self-guided internet-delivered dialectical behavior therapy intervention for substance use disorders: Randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Daros","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4646","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291724002800","article-title":"A dialectical behavior therapy skills training smartphone app for recurrent binge eating: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"54","author":"Linardon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479-021-00167-5","article-title":"A systematic review of dialectical behavior therapy mobile apps for content and usability","volume":"8","author":"Wilks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Borderline Pers Disord Emotion Dysregulation"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00849-0","article-title":"Preventing mental illness in children that experienced maltreatment the efficacy of REThink online therapeutic game","volume":"6","author":"David","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/67550","article-title":"Game-based social-emotional learning for youth: School-based qualitative analysis of brain agents","volume":"9","author":"Liverman","year":"2025","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10566-020-09566-1","article-title":"How effective are serious games for promoting mental health and health behavioral change in children and adolescents? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"David","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Youth Care Forum"},{"key":"B83","article-title":"ChatGPT (GPT-5.1) [Large language model","year":"2025"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17165964","article-title":"A proof-of-concept system dynamics simulation model of the development of burnout and recovery using retrospective case data","volume":"17","author":"Veldhuis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B85","volume-title":"Playing utopia: futures in digital games","author":"Beil","year":"2019"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/41766","article-title":"Games in times of a pandemic: Structured overview of COVID-19 serious games","volume":"11","author":"Kermavnar","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR Serious Games"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.70386","article-title":"AI-enhanced versus clinician-guided expressive writing for improving psychological well-being in cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1558513","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and psychoanalysis: is it time for psychoanalyst.AI","volume":"16","author":"Rabeyron","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.glmedi.2024.100099","article-title":"Enhancing mental health with artificial intelligence: Current trends and future prospects","volume":"3","author":"Olawade","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Medicine Surgery Public Health"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2022.2048739","article-title":"Conversational artificial intelligence in psychotherapy: A new therapeutic tool or agent","volume":"23","author":"Sedlakova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Bioethics"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2025.2608632","article-title":"Indication is key to prevent inverse care","volume":"26","author":"Beeker","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am J Bioethics"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2025.2457724","article-title":"Beyond doomsday fears: Why we need to consider the potential harms of AI psychotherapy","volume":"26","author":"Tekin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Bioethics"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1775419\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T05:56:39Z","timestamp":1778219799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1775419\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"references-count":92,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1775419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1775419","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"article-number":"1775419"}}