{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T05:55:46Z","timestamp":1776318946820,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a psychiatric condition characterized by the existence of at least two distinct identities. This disorder often serves as a defense mechanism, a response to severe childhood trauma, aimed at protecting the individual from overwhelming emotions or experiences. There is no specific targeted treatment for DID at present.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this report is to explore the safety and efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in combination with pharmacological treatment for the treatment of concomitant depression in an adolescent female with DID, and to provide new clinical ideas and empirical evidence for similar cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 15-year-old adolescent female presented with three distinct personality states, accompanied by hallucinations, negative thoughts, and self-harming behaviors. She was diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder and depression according to DSM-5 criteria. Following combined ECT and medication treatment, the patient\u2019s disparate personalities were integrated, and depressive symptoms were alleviated. During ECT administration, no significant adverse reactions occurred beyond mild headaches and transient memory impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For adolescent patients with DID comorbid with depression who are at high risk of suicide, ECT combined with pharmacological treatment may be considered an effective and relatively safe treatment strategy in emergency situations. It is likely that the combined use of ECT, medication and psychotherapy has led to an improvement in the patient\u2019s condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1811215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T05:25:35Z","timestamp":1776317135000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electroconvulsive therapy in an adolescent with dissociative identity disorder and depression: a case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Lipeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University","place":["Xinxiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University","place":["Xinxiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunsheng","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University","place":["Xinxiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruihua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University","place":["Xinxiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University","place":["Xinxiang, China"]},{"name":"Mental Health and Artificial Intelligence Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University","place":["Xinxiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, text revision","year":"2022"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.4.623","article-title":"Prevalence of dissociative disorders in psychiatric outpatients","volume":"163","author":"Foote","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2006.01.005","article-title":"Prevalence of dissociative disorders among women in the general population","volume":"149","author":"Sar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2020.168","article-title":"Dissociative identity disorder: out of the shadows at last","volume":"219","author":"Reinders","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035570","article-title":"The trauma model of dissociation: inconvenient truths and stubborn fictions","volume":"140","author":"Lynn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.125.5.507","article-title":"Dissociative identity disorder and the sociocognitive model: recalling the lessons of the past","volume":"125","author":"Lilienfeld","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027447","article-title":"Evaluation of the evidence for the trauma and fantasy models of dissociation","volume":"138","author":"Dalenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12590","article-title":"Is it Trauma- or Fantasy-based? 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