{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T05:53:53Z","timestamp":1776750833825,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) frequently encounter challenges, including a diminished capacity for self-management, a high prevalence of negative emotions, and cognitive decline and physiological changes attributable to long-term disease burden, leading to compromised glycemic control and impaired quality of life. Traditional diabetes nursing interventions often lack systematic strategies to address the psychological and cognitive needs specific to this patient population. The Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model is a theoretical framework designed to promote health behavioral changes; however, research investigating its specific application in regulating psychological state and managing cognitive function in older patients with T2DM remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the effectiveness of a nursing intervention based on the IMB model in older patients with T2DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data from 86 older patients with T2DM were divided into 2 groups: intervention (structured IMB model-based nursing + routine care [\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a043]); and control (conventional T2DM care [\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a043]). Psychological state (Self-Rating Anxiety and Depression Scales [SAS, SDS]), cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] and Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]), glycemic control (fasting blood glucose [FBG], 2\u00a0h postprandial blood glucose [2hPBG], and glycated hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]), and satisfaction with nursing were compared between the 2 groups before and after a three-month intervention.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SAS and SDS scores significantly decreased in both groups after intervention, with a more pronounced reduction in the intervention group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt;\u00a00.05). MMSE and MoCA scores improved in both groups, with significantly higher scores in the intervention group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt;\u00a00.05). Glycemic control (FBG, 2hPBG, and HbA1c) improved substantially in the intervention group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt;\u00a00.05). Satisfaction with nursing among the intervention group (95.35%) was significantly greater than that in the control group (79.07%) (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt;\u00a00.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The IMB model-based nursing intervention alleviates anxiety and depression, improves cognitive function, enhances glycemic control, and increases satisfaction with nursing in older patients with T2DM, thus meriting broader clinical implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1818948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T05:35:16Z","timestamp":1776749716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of a nursing-based information\u2013motivation\u2013behavioral model on older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yangdi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenzhen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenbin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Departmentt, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinghua","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1018-9078","article-title":"Definition, classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus","volume":"127","author":"Petersmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045","volume":"183","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.12956","article-title":"Rates of complications and mortality in older patients with diabetes mellitus: the diabetes and aging study","volume":"174","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1153","article-title":"Relationship between baseline glycemic control and cognitive function in individuals with type 2 diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors: the action to control cardiovascular risk in diabetes-memory in diabetes (ACCORD-MIND) trial","volume":"32","author":"Cukierman-Yaffe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2021.05.013","article-title":"An update on the epidemiology of type 2 diabetes: a global perspective","volume":"50","author":"Tinajero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.6.1069","article-title":"The prevalence of comorbid depression in adults with diabetes: a meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Anderson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2009.02903.x","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbid depression is high in out-patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. 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