{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T18:20:53Z","timestamp":1788459653762,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alexithymia is one of the most common psychological characteristics observed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is associated with poorer health outcomes. The negative impact of alexithymia on physical illness is reflected in more severe clinical symptoms and poorer quality of life, which adversely affect clinical outcomes and further increase disease burden, potentially contributing to a cycle of worsening health status. Therefore, timely identification of the psychological characteristics of patients with COPD, along with early psychological support, may help improve the quality of life of patients with COPD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the latent profiles of alexithymia among patients with COPD and to analyze their associated factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study recruited 312 patients with COPD using convenience sampling between October 2024 and March 2025. Sociodemographic characteristics, physiological and disease-related information, psychospiritual information, environmental factors, and alexithymia scores were collected. Latent profile analysis, univariate analysis, and multinomial logistic regression were conducted to identify alexithymia profiles and examine factors associated with profile membership.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of this study showed that patients with COPD were categorized into three alexithymia profiles: high (28.85%), moderate (63.46%), and low (7.69%). COPD duration, depression, activity intensity, self-perceived social support, psychological resilience, and anxiety were associated with different alexithymia profiles among patients with COPD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single-center cross-sectional study identified three preliminary alexithymia profiles (high, moderate, and low) among patients with COPD. Due to potential selection bias resulting from convenience sampling, these findings require validation in multicenter studies before generalization. The observed associations among COPD duration, depression, activity intensity, social support, resilience, and anxiety provide empirical evidence to inform the development of tailored patient classification and targeted support strategies for early identification, with the goal of improving quality of life in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1823787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T05:37:34Z","timestamp":1783661854000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Latent profile analysis and associated factors of alexithymia among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Liang","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mianyang Hospital Affiliated to Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)","place":["Mianyang, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mianyang Hospital Affiliated to Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)","place":["Mianyang, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mianyang Hospital Affiliated to Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)","place":["Mianyang, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuxiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mianyang Hospital Affiliated to Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)","place":["Mianyang, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengmei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mianyang Hospital Affiliated to Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)","place":["Mianyang, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mianyang Hospital Affiliated to Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)","place":["Mianyang, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qilin","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mianyang Hospital Affiliated to Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)","place":["Mianyang, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn114798-20240326-00174","volume":"23","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin J Gen Practitioners"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)32203-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories 1980\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"Roth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B3","article-title":"Prediction on the burden of disease of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and simulation of the effectiveness of controlling risk factors in China by 2030","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2022"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234124","article-title":"Health anxiety and illness-related fears across diverse chronic illnesses: A systematic review on conceptualization, measurement, prevalence, course, and correlates","volume":"15","author":"Lebel","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15852","article-title":"Relationship between illness perception, fear of progression and quality of life in interstitial lung disease patients: A cross-sectional study","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/arm91020011","article-title":"The impact of anxiety and depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"91","author":"Rahi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Respir Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.02.071","article-title":"Alexithymia profiles and depression, anxiety, and stress","volume":"357","author":"Preece","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B8","article-title":"The prevalence of \u2018alexithymic\u2019 characteristics in psychosomatic patients","volume":"22","author":"Sifneos","year":"1973","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosomatics"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11670-011-0054-y","article-title":"Validation and reliability of distress thermometer in Chinese cancer patients","volume":"23","author":"Tang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin J Cancer Res"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1097\/00011363-198906000-00010","article-title":"Mechanism and intervention strategies of alexithymia","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sichuan Ment Health"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2022.111018","article-title":"The prevalence and characteristics of alexithymia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"162","author":"Pei","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Psychosomatic Res"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2009.05179.x","article-title":"Building dynamic models and theories to advance the science of symptom management research","volume":"66","author":"Brant","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Advanced Nurs"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/cnq.0000000000000316","article-title":"Analysis of delirium from the dynamic symptoms model: a literature review","volume":"43","author":"Tovar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurs Q"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1209936","article-title":"The relationship between alexithymia, depression, anxiety, and stress in elderly with multiple chronic conditions in China: a network analysis","volume":"14","author":"Shang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.outlook.2019.01.003","article-title":"Precision health: Advancing symptom and self-management science","volume":"67","author":"Hickey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nurs Outlook"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428117744021","article-title":"Variable-centered, person-centered, and person-specific approaches: Where theory meets the method","volume":"21","author":"Howard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Organizational Res Methods"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/t02366-000","article-title":"Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index: a simple index of independence useful in scoring improvement in the rehabilitation of the chronically ill","author":"Mahoney","year":"1965","journal-title":"Maryland State Med J"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.54.7.581","article-title":"Usefulness of the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale as a measure of disability in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"54","author":"Bestall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00102509","article-title":"Development and first validation of the COPD Assessment Test","volume":"34","author":"Jones","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2017.07.001","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) among Chinese community-dwelling older people","volume":"73","author":"Dong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Gerontology Geriatrics"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097-0142(19980515)82:10<1904::aid-cncr13>3.0.co;2-x","article-title":"Rapid screening for psychologic distress in men with prostate carcinoma: a pilot study","volume":"82","author":"Roth","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer: Interdiscip Int J Am Cancer Soc"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20271","article-title":"Psychometric analysis and refinement of the connor\u2013davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC): Validation of a 10-item measure of resilience","volume":"20","author":"Campbell-Sills","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Traumatic Stress: Off Publ Int Soc For Traumatic Stress Stud"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006","article-title":"The patient health questionnaire somatic, anxiety, and depressive symptom scales: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Kroenke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLR.0000093487.78664.3C","article-title":"The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: validity of a two-item depression screener","volume":"41","author":"Kroenke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Internal Med"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00004","article-title":"Anxiety disorders in primary care: prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection","volume":"146","author":"Kroenke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Internal Med"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.85.2.348","article-title":"Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being","volume":"85","author":"Gross","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(199111)47:6<756::aid-jclp2270470605>3.0.co;2-l","article-title":"The multidimensional scale of perceived social support: a confirmation study","volume":"47","author":"Dahlem","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2008.10.002","article-title":"Ten facet scales for the Big Five Inventory: Convergence with NEO PI-R facets, self-peer agreement, and discriminant validity","volume":"43","author":"Soto","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Res Pers"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000078924.61453.fb","article-title":"International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity","volume":"35","author":"Craig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exercise"},{"key":"B31","article-title":"Study on the reliability and validity of international physical activity questionnaire (Chinese Vision, IPAQ)","volume":"25","author":"Qu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liuxingbingxue Zazhi"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200009001-00009","article-title":"Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities","volume":"32","author":"Ainsworth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1047-2797(00)00190-3","article-title":"Validation of the Stanford 7-day recall to assess habitual physical activity","volume":"11","author":"Richardson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(94)90005-1","article-title":"The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale\u2014I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure","volume":"38","author":"Bagby","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Psychosomatic Res"},{"key":"B35","article-title":"Reliability and validity analysis of the Chinese version of the Tas-20","volume":"17","author":"Yi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chin J Ment Health"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471721182","volume-title":"Finite Mixture Models","author":"McLachlan","year":"2000"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1108\/978-1-60752-634-620251017","article-title":"Identifying the correct number of classes in growth mixture models","volume":"2007","author":"Tofighi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv Latent Variable Mixture Models"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01246098","article-title":"An entropy criterion for assessing the number of clusters in a mixture model","volume":"13","author":"Celeux","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Classif"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701575396","article-title":"Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: A Monte Carlo simulation study","volume":"14","author":"Nylund","year":"2007","journal-title":"Struct Equation Modeling: A Multidiscip J"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15328007sem1103_2","article-title":"In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis-testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralizing Hu and Bentler's, (1999) findings","volume":"11","author":"Marsh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Struct Equation Modeling"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780197662359.003.0010","article-title":"Classical latent profile analysis of academic self-concept dimensions: Synergy of person-and variable-centered approaches to theoretical models of self-concept","volume":"16","author":"Marsh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Struct Equation Modeling: A Multidiscip J"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.296.2159","article-title":"Alexithymia among elderly patients with diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Hintistan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-023-02335-5","article-title":"Prevalence of and factors associated with alexithymia among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Pulmonary Med"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-011-9194-1","article-title":"Self-regulatory fatigue in hematologic Malignancies: impact on quality of life, coping, and adherence to medical recommendations","volume":"20","author":"Solberg Nes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_738_19","article-title":"Relationship between alexithymia and depression: A narrative review","volume":"63","author":"Sagar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116099","article-title":"Our similarities are different\u201d The relationship between alexithymia and depression","volume":"340","author":"Kierait\u00e9","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16655\/j.cnki.2095-2813.2017.18.195","article-title":"An experimental study on the effects of health qigong baduanjin on the mental health of college students","volume":"7","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Contemp Sports Technol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16460\/j.issn1008-9969.2021.17.053","article-title":"Mediating effect of perceived social support on loneliness and successful aging of elderly in nursing homes","volume":"28","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nursing(China)"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119676","article-title":"Alexithymia and its influence on perceived social support, stress, and help-seeking attitudes in men undergoing radical prostatectomy","volume":"389","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B50","first-page":"7","article-title":"Depression, loneliness and cognitive function among elderly in medical and elderly care institution","volume":"35","author":"Bai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Nurs Sci PLA"},{"key":"B51","first-page":"27","article-title":"The influence of daily living ability and happiness on the elderly self-aging perception in the elderly nursing facility","volume":"37","author":"Qin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Military Nurs"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2018.02.005","article-title":"Resilience linked to personality dimensions, alexithymia and affective symptoms in motor functional neurological disorders","volume":"107","author":"Jalilianhasanpour","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1702123\/v1","article-title":"Analysis of the status and influencing factors of alexithymia in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"22","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin Gen Pract Nurs"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2013.824781","article-title":"Statistical power to detect the correct number of classes in latent profile analysis","volume":"20","author":"Tein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Struct Equation Modeling: A Multidiscip J"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1823787\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T05:37:38Z","timestamp":1783661858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1823787\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1823787"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1823787","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"article-number":"1823787"}}