{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T10:04:45Z","timestamp":1781258685441,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to examine the mediating role of Internet Addiction in the association between bullying victimization and Depressive Symptoms among left-behind children, as well as the moderating role of physical activity in this relationship.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional design was adopted. A total of 21,689 left-behind children were recruited using stratified random sampling. A moderated mediation model was constructed within the generalized linear model framework. Conditional indirect effects and the probability scale were further used to analyze the relationships among bullying victimization, Internet Addiction, physical activity, and Depressive Symptoms in left-behind children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After controlling for confounding factors, bullying victimization significantly predicted Depressive Symptoms among left-behind children (B\u00a0=\u00a01.179, p &amp;lt; 0.001). Internet Addiction partially mediated the association between bullying victimization and Depressive Symptoms. Specifically, bullying victimization significantly predicted Internet Addiction among left-behind children (B\u00a0=\u00a01.041, p &amp;lt; 0.001), and Internet Addiction significantly predicted Depressive Symptoms (B\u00a0=\u00a01.218, p &amp;lt; 0.001). Moreover, physical activity significantly moderated the association between bullying victimization and Internet Addiction (p &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among left-behind children, bullying victimization may increase the risk of Depressive Symptoms partly by triggering Internet Addiction, while physical activity may buffer the association between bullying victimization and Internet Addiction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1826121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T09:28:14Z","timestamp":1781256494000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bullying victimization and depressive symptoms among left-behind children: a moderated mediation model involving Internet Addiction"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Central China Normal University","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gexuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Professional Tennis, Wuhan City Polytechnic","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiannan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Hubei University","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruifeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Central China Normal University","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.133","article-title":"Prevalence of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents in China: a meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"272","author":"Rao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-7967","article-title":"Delineating the longitudinal structure of depressive illness: beyond clinical subtypes and duration thresholds","volume":"33","author":"Judd","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.071191","article-title":"From depressive symptoms to depressive disorders: the relevance of thresholds","volume":"196","author":"Ayuso-Mateos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-024-10083-w","article-title":"School bullying victimization and depression symptoms in adolescents: the mediating role of internet addiction and moderating role of living areas","volume":"95","author":"Lai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatr Q"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-024-02596-3","article-title":"Adult mental health outcomes of adolescent depression and co-occurring alcohol use disorder: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"34","author":"Bohman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14550725251408211","article-title":"Trajectories of concurrent psychological distress, heavy episodic drinking and daily cigarette smoking from adolescence to midlife: patterns and their sociodemographic correlates","volume":"43","author":"Berg","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nordic. 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