{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T06:03:41Z","timestamp":1780985021666,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study explores the associative pathways between school bullying and adolescent internet addiction among middle school students in Jingzhou City, as well as the potential associative pattern of emotional resilience. It aims to clarify the psychological correlation pathways underlying the association between school bullying and internet addiction, examine the multivariate correlational pattern of these variables, and further discuss the practical value of emotional resilience for targeted preventive intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study recruited 19, 601 adolescents from 22 middle schools in Jingzhou District in 2025 using a cluster sampling design. Data were collected using a self-designed general demographic questionnaire together with standardized scales, including the School Bullying Scale, Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Emotional Resilience Questionnaire (ERQ). All data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 and Process 5.0 macro program, adopting descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multicollinearity test, regression analysis, mediation and moderation analysis, as well as robustness analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 20, 225 questionnaires were distributed, and 19, 601 valid responses were finally included, yielding an effective response rate of 96.91%. Significant positive correlations were observed between school bullying and adolescent internet addiction. Serial and independent indirect associative pathways were identified: the serial pathway of school bullying\u2192anxiety\u2192depression\u2192internet addiction, and two independent indirect links of school bullying\u2192anxiety\u2192internet addiction and school bullying\u2192depression\u2192internet addiction. Emotional resilience showed a moderating correlation in such pathways, with higher emotional resilience linked to lower levels of anxiety and depression, and further correlated with a lower tendency toward internet addiction. Robustness analyses supported the stability of these observed associative patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>School bullying is closely correlated with anxiety, depression, insomnia and internet addiction in adolescents. Emotional resilience is negatively correlated with these negative emotional and behavioral outcomes. This study clarifies the statistical associative pathways between school bullying and adolescent internet addiction, and indicates that higher emotional resilience is correlated with a weaker associative tendency between school bullying and internet addiction. All findings are supported by robustness checks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1836080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T05:42:32Z","timestamp":1780983752000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associative pathways of school bullying with adolescent internet addiction and the moderating role of emotional resilience"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Pang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University","place":["Jingzhou, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University","place":["Jingzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengguo","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University","place":["Jingzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheming","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University","place":["Jingzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"School violence and bullying: Global status report","year":"2017"},{"key":"B2","article-title":"Identifying and addressing bullying behaviors","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Daley","year":"2026"},{"key":"B3","volume-title":"School violence and bullying: Global status and trends, drivers and consequences","year":"2018"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.20063\/j.cnki.CN37-1452\/C.2024.04.008","article-title":"Progress of school bullying research in China: Analysis of the knowledge map on basis of CiteSpace","volume":"41","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ludong Univ J (Philosophy Soc Sci Edition)"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-023-01091-9","article-title":"Is cyberbullying perpetration associated with anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation among Lebanese adolescents? Results from a cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Bitar","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children9111606","article-title":"Bullying victimization moderates the association between social skills and self-esteem among adolescents: A cross-sectional study in international schools","volume":"9","author":"Dou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10560-015-0432-2","article-title":"Theoretical explanations for bullying in school: How ecological processes propagate perpetration and victimization","volume":"33","author":"Evans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Soc Work J"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.98.2.310","article-title":"Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis","volume":"98","author":"Cohen","year":"1985","journal-title":"psychol Bull"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00332941251383487","article-title":"The relationship between traditional and cyber bullying victimization and mobile phone addiction among adolescents: The mediating role of friendship quality and depression","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"psychol Rep"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.10.059","article-title":"A conceptual and methodological critique of internet addiction research: Towards a model of compensatory internet use","volume":"31","author":"Kardefelt-Winther","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-5999.98240","article-title":"Behavioral addiction versus substance addiction: Correspondence of psychiatric and psychological views","volume":"3","author":"Alavi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-015-0054-y","article-title":"Can disordered mobile phone use be considered a behavioral addiction? An update on current evidence and a comprehensive model for future research","volume":"2","author":"Billieux","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Addict Rep"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2011.02.009","article-title":"Internet and mobile phone text messaging dependency: Factor structure and correlates among Japanese adults","volume":"27","author":"Lu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.08.033","article-title":"Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific Internet-use disorders: The interacting person-affect-cognition-execution (I-PACE) model","volume":"71","author":"Brand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs15050567","article-title":"The association between emotional resilience and mental health among Chinese adolescents in school settings: The mediating role of positive emotions","volume":"15","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Behav Sci"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70916","article-title":"The role of resilience in the relationship between cyberbullying and depression, anxiety, and stress among adolescents","volume":"15","author":"Korkmaz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1749786","article-title":"The effect of cyberbullying perpetration on depression among adolescents in western China: The mediating role of self-control and online gaming addiction and the moderating role of meaning in life","volume":"17","author":"Jing","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1502726","article-title":"The association between school bullying and internet addiction among adolescents: A moderated mediation model","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2856","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-23905-8","article-title":"The effect of bullying victimization on internet addiction: Mediated by cyberbullying perpetration and moderated by social support","volume":"25","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B20","volume-title":"Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods","author":"Raudenbush","year":"2002"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12139\/j.1672-0628.2022.02.016","article-title":"The development of the bullying behavior scale for adolescents","volume":"20","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stud Psychol Behav"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Internal Med"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21706\/pdp-23-3-193","article-title":"The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Spitzer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Internal Med"},{"key":"B24","volume-title":"Insomnia: Psychological assessment and management","author":"Morin","year":"1993"},{"key":"B25","volume-title":"Internet addiction test (IAT) manual","author":"Young","year":"1998"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10113","article-title":"Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)","volume":"18","author":"Connor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Depression Anxiety"},{"key":"B27","article-title":"The development of adolescents' emotional resilience questionnaire","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J psychol Sci"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.5.879","article-title":"Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies","volume":"88","author":"Podsakoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Appl Psychol"},{"key":"B29","volume-title":"Multivariate data analysis","author":"Hair","year":"2019"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tp-2024-512","article-title":"School bullying and mental health among adolescents: A narrative review","volume":"14","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trans Pediatr"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22020256","article-title":"The roles of anxiety and depressive symptoms in the relationship between school bullying victimization and suicidal ideation among South Korean college students: A serial multiple mediation model","volume":"22","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674028845","volume-title":"The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design","author":"Bronfenbrenner","year":"1979"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1520404","article-title":"The central mediating effect of inhibitory control and negative emotion on the relationship between bullying victimization and social network site addiction in adolescents","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.16187\/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2023.01.10","article-title":"The effect of cyber-bullying\/cyber-victimization on sleep quality in early adolescence: A serial mediation model of social anxiety and depression mood","volume":"39","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"psychol Dev Educ"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.872100","article-title":"Bullying experiences, depression, and the moderating role of resilience among adolescents","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1110642","article-title":"Psychological resilience and cognitive reappraisal mediate the effects of coping style on the mental health of children","volume":"14","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1836080\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T05:42:39Z","timestamp":1780983759000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1836080\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1836080"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1836080","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"article-number":"1836080"}}