{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T06:01:30Z","timestamp":1781157690129,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This article originates from the work of students who participated in the \u201cPsychiatry in Cinema\u201d course, offered annually to medical students at the University of Geneva. An introduction to psychiatry is carried out through the visual support offered by cinematographic works, which have the advantage of depicting psychiatric symptoms in a concrete way to facilitate the teaching of semiology by giving substance and materiality to sometimes abstract theoretical concepts, while also addressing certain stigmas and stereotypes linked to the mental illnesses portrayed in these films, even before students begin their clinical rotations. This article presents their work and reflects their ongoing learning by highlighting the identification of symptoms in the film and matching them with the criteria defined in theoretical reference manuals.\n                      <jats:italic>Brothers<\/jats:italic>\n                      is an American film that tells the story of a soldier named Sam, who returns from the front and struggles to readjust to family life. As a result of the horrors he witnessed, he develops posttraumatic stress disorder.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This article discusses posttraumatic stress disorder as depicted in this cinematic work. The different clinical signs that contribute to the diagnosis will be discussed. Secondly, a critique of the staging and the manner in which the protagonist\u2019s internal experience is portrayed will be presented. By reading this article, the reader will understand whether the representation of this disorder is consistent with psychiatric diagnostic manuals, as well as with the subjective experience of patients. Thirdly, the social representation of the disorder proposed by this film will be addressed. Does this film offer a stigmatizing image of PTSD, and how might this influence the public\u2019s perceptions of patients suffering from this disorder? Finally, the representation of psychiatric care will be addressed; indeed, this point is particularly interesting in the context of American soldiers returning from combat profoundly affected by their traumatic experiences of war.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This film raises an important political question regarding the therapeutic care of soldiers who have not always been treated in an appropriate, understanding, and integrated manner upon their return. The methods used by the director to highlight this issue will be discussed and commented on extensively at the end of this article.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1841640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T05:48:43Z","timestamp":1781156923000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Teaching psychiatry through movies: the PTSD in Brothers: film analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jasper","family":"Crokaert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Geneva University Hospitals","place":["Th\u00f4nex, Switzerland"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva (UNIGE)","place":["Geneva, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmine","family":"Bouayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva (UNIGE)","place":["Geneva, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Daher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva (UNIGE)","place":["Geneva, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard","family":"Calzada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private practice","place":["Geneva, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"Psychiatry and cinema: What can we learn from the magical screen","volume":"29","author":"Das","year":"2017","journal-title":"Shanghai Arch Psychiatry"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14201\/rmc20211714147","article-title":"La relaci\u00f3n entre el cine y la psiquiatr\u00eda a trav\u00e9s del tiempo y su rol en la educaci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica actual","volume":"17","author":"Arenas-Rojas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Med Y Cine"},{"key":"B3","article-title":"Psychiatry and movies","volume-title":"Psychiatria danubina","author":"Damjanovi\u0107","year":"2009"},{"key":"B4","article-title":"From the function of the father to the paternal principle","volume":"77","author":"Delourmel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Fran\u00e7aise Psychoanalyse"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1521\/ijgp.2008.58.3.389","article-title":"Transgenerational transmission","volume":"43","author":"De Neuter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Papers"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"13","article-title":"Psychic and trans-generational transmission","volume":"60","author":"Eiguer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psy Field"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2011.570592","article-title":"Dissociation in trauma: A new definition and comparison with previous formulations","volume":"12","author":"Nijenhuis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Trauma Dissociation"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2015.17.2\/jflory","article-title":"Comorbidity between post-traumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder: Alternative explanations and treatment considerations","volume":"17","author":"Flory","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380221120835","article-title":"The relationship between dissociation and complex post-traumatic stress disorder: A scoping review","volume":"24","author":"Fung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe048129","article-title":"Acknowledging the psychiatric cost of war","volume":"351","author":"Friedman","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040603","article-title":"Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care","volume":"351","author":"Hoge","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B12","volume-title":"International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems","author":"Harrison","year":"2021"},{"key":"B13","first-page":"2","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"3","author":"Javidi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000249","article-title":"Distinguishing war-related PTSD resulting from perpetration- and betrayal-based morally injurious events","volume":"9","author":"Jordan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"},{"key":"B15","article-title":"Paternal function and psychic maturity","volume-title":"Philosophy, science, and society","author":"Juignet","year":"2015"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/jammr\/2025\/v37i85915","article-title":"Cinema as a tool for teaching psychiatry: A systematic review","volume":"37","author":"J\u00fanior","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Adv Med Med Res"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp-rj.2023.190104","article-title":"Visual media: An aperture into the past and future of psychiatry","volume":"19","author":"Kilciksiz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/apt.bp.107.005306","article-title":"Why psychiatrists should watch films (or what has cinema ever done for psychiatry)","volume":"15","author":"Byrne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv Psychiatr Treat"},{"key":"B19","first-page":"43","article-title":"Unconscious psychic transmission","volume-title":"Dunod","author":"Ciccone","year":"2012"},{"key":"B20","volume-title":"Movies as innovative tools for teaching psychiatry: A new model for cinemedicine","author":"D\u2019Agostini","year":"2024"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.08.022","article-title":"Dissociation in posttraumatic stress disorder: Evidence from the world mental health surveys","volume":"73","author":"Stein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2013.12.006","article-title":"The impact of hypervigilance: Evidence for a forward feedback loop","volume":"28","author":"Kimble","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.12.080","article-title":"Characterizing anger-related affect in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder using ecological momentary assessment","volume":"261","author":"Van Voorhees","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"B24","volume-title":"Brothers","author":"Sheridan","year":"2009"},{"key":"B25","article-title":"A war abroad ignites a battle at home","volume-title":"The new york times","author":"Scott","year":"2009"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.01.003","article-title":"The long war and parental combat deployment: Effects on military children and at-home spouses","volume":"49","author":"Lester","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"B27","volume-title":"Returning home from Iraq and Afghanistan: assessment of readjustment needs of veterans, service members, and their families","year":"2013"},{"key":"B28","article-title":"The use of mainstream movies in psychiatric training","volume":"174","author":"Calzada Ribalta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Swiss Arch Neurology Psychiatry Psychother"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1300\/J229v05n02_01","article-title":"The dissociations of everyday life","volume":"5","author":"Butler","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Trauma Dissociation"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1037\/h0094976","article-title":"Stigma associated with PTSD: Perceptions of treatment seeking combat veterans","volume":"36","author":"Mittal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatr Rehabil J"},{"key":"B31","article-title":"Critical concerns in Iraq\/Afghanistan war veteran-forensic interface: Combat-related post deployment criminal violence","volume":"41","author":"Sreenivasan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Acad Psychiatry Law"},{"key":"B32","volume-title":"Invisible wounds of war: Psychological and cognitive injuries, their consequences, and services to assist recovery","author":"Tanielian","year":"2008"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21809","article-title":"Support mechanisms and vulnerabilities in relation to PTSD in veterans of the Gulf War, Iraq War, and Afghanistan deployments: A systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Wright","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1841640\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T05:48:46Z","timestamp":1781156926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1841640\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1841640"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1841640","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"article-number":"1841640"}}