{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T10:31:35Z","timestamp":1785148295290,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tiletamine is a dissociative anesthetic used in veterinary medicine and has recently emerged as a potential illicit additive in e-cigarettes after regulation of etomidate. However, reports of chronic tiletamine-containing e-cigarette use remain scarce. We report the case of a 22-year-old man who developed progressive gait instability, dysarthria, choking on drinking, hand tremor, emotional instability, and marked craving after chronic use of tiletamine-containing e-cigarettes. Brain MRI and routine electromyography showed no definite structural abnormalities, whereas electroencephalography and blink reflex testing suggested functional brain involvement. After discontinuation of tiletamine-containing e-cigarettes and comprehensive treatment, his neurological symptoms, emotional symptoms, and craving gradually improved, with sustained improvement at 1-month follow-up. This case suggests that chronic tiletamine abuse via e-cigarettes may cause persistent neuropsychiatric dysfunction beyond the acute intoxication pattern described in previous reports and may also be accompanied by dependence-related features.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1848688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T05:47:29Z","timestamp":1781848049000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Persistent neuropsychiatric dysfunction following chronic tiletamine-containing e-cigarette use: a case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Liu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, Hunan, 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