{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T06:28:20Z","timestamp":1786429700556,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Quantum approaches to consciousness remain controversial, partly because any putative quantum state in the brain is expected to decohere rapidly in a warm, hydrated, and noisy environment. The present manuscript does not attempt to solve that biological problem directly. Instead, it treats microtubule-related interpretation as a deliberately hypothetical analogy and asks a narrower Level-A question: under what generic open-system conditions can transient pairwise entanglement be enlarged in small noisy XXZ spin chains? In a minimal open XXZ spin-chain model evolved with the Lindblad master equation, stronger nearest-neighbor coupling consistently increased peak transient pairwise entanglement across several topologies and bath conditions. Among the tested environments, the memory-envelope condition gave the longest purity half-life, the collective condition increased late-time purity, and the combined bath is best described as a balanced compromise among selected diagnostics under the chosen parameters rather than as an optimized trade-off. The model is not a physical model of microtubules: it omits full 13-protofilament geometry, dynamic instability, microtubule-associated proteins, hydration structure, ionic screening, and realistic tubulin-scale calibration. On a strictly hypothetical Level-C reading, the two abstract model levers, stronger effective coupling and lower per-site dissipation, may be compared with broad classes of biological perturbation, such as glutamatergic plasticity and cytoskeletal stabilization, but not with named regimens or compounds as clinical routes to enhancement. No dosing schedule, clinical regimen, or cognitive-enhancement recommendation follows from the simulation. The proper experimental sequence is\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    first, then animal work only if warranted, and human pilot work only after convergent preclinical support and safety review. Testable preclinical predictions include altered tryptophan-network fluorescence lifetimes, exciton migration signatures, superradiance-related optical behavior, and anesthetic sensitivity in controlled preparations. Negative\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    optical or biophysical results would substantially weaken the biological relevance of the analogy. The manuscript should therefore be read as a reproducible toy-model study with a speculative microtubule analogy, not as evidence that pharmacological modulation can enhance cognition through quantum microtubule effects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1855963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T05:39:51Z","timestamp":1786426791000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transient entanglement in minimal open XXZ spin chains: a toy-model analogy for microtubule-inspired quantum biology"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ngo","family":"Cheung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher","place":["Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 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