{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:24:09Z","timestamp":1788456249907,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emotion regulation difficulties are a key risk factor for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors. This study aimed to reduce self-injurious behaviors among college students by employing various emotional regulation strategies\u2014including distraction, emotional expression, self-focused and situation-focused cognitive change, and problem-solving\u2014based on the Process Model of Emotional Regulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 56 college students with NSSI behaviors participated in the study, with 28 participants in the experimental group and 28 in the control group. The experimental group received eight sessions of group intervention, while the control group received no intervention. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Adolescent Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Assessment Questionnaire were used at three time points: pre-intervention, post-intervention and 2 months\u2019 follow-up. An open-ended questionnaire was used to investigate intervention benefits, and a single-item measure was adopted to assess intervention satisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This open-ended investigation showed that group members benefited in three aspects: internal changes, external changes, and meaningful experiences. The intervention group demonstrated significant reductions in the levels of anxiety, depression and NSSI behaviors after the intervention, whereas the control group showed no significant changes over the same period. Group members reported high overall satisfaction with the intervention (4.82 \u00b1 0.39).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Guided by the Process Model of Emotion Regulation, this preliminary multi-strategy emotion regulation group intervention is feasible and acceptable, and linked to decreased severity of anxiety, depression, and NSSI among college students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1863053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T16:43:55Z","timestamp":1788453835000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Group intervention for non-suicidal self-injury in college students guided by the Process Model of Emotional Regulation: a pilot randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Miao","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Organization Department of Party Committee, Yancheng Institute of Technology","place":["Yancheng, China"]},{"name":"Jianghuai Institute of Humanities, Yancheng Institute of Technology","place":["Yancheng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Huaiyin Normal University","place":["Huai\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen-Ying","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology","place":["Yancheng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.01.027","article-title":"Associations between non-suicidal self-injury and experiential avoidance: A systematic review and robust Bayesian meta-analysis","volume":"325","author":"Haywood","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.107048","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescent population: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"157","author":"Calvo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000012916","article-title":"Prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury in Chinese middle school and high school students: A meta analysis","volume":"97","author":"Lang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16835\/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.019","article-title":"Prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese college students: A meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Pan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin J Sch Health"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01946","article-title":"Non-suicidal self-injury: A systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Cipriano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115329","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of factors related to non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese adolescents","volume":"326","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13237","article-title":"Non-suicidal self-injury and its co-occurrence with suicidal behavior: An epidemiological-study among adolescents and young adults","volume":"142","author":"Voss","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2023-101277","article-title":"Role of attachment style in the association between childhood adversities and non-suicidal self-injury among young adults: A multigroup structural equation study","volume":"38","author":"Rossi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479-026-00336-4","article-title":"How specific are affective and attachment instability to adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury? 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