{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:30:51Z","timestamp":1790886651146,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Posttraumatic embitterment disorder (PTED) has been proposed as a clinical construct characterized by persistent feelings of injustice, resentment, helpless anger, and intrusive embitterment-related cognitions following negative life experiences perceived as unjust, humiliating, or irreversible. The present study aimed to determine the frequency and clinical distribution of clinically relevant embitterment symptoms and PTED-compatible presentations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study included 344 participants, consisting of 315 consecutive patients attending an anxiety outpatient clinic at a tertiary psychiatric center and 29 healthy control volunteers. Psychiatric diagnoses were established according to DSM-5 criteria through face-to-face clinical interviews, while PTED-related symptoms were evaluated using the clinical characteristics and standardized symptom criteria proposed by Linden and colleagues. Participants completed the Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder Self-Rating Scale (PTED Scale), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), the Buss\u2013Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPS), the Life Problems Screening List, and a structured sociodemographic assessment form.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>On the PTED Self-Rating Scale, 178 participants (56.5%) obtained a mean score exceeding the established threshold of 2.5, indicating clinically significant embitterment. Of these, 114 participants (36.2% of the total sample) additionally met the chronicity criterion (symptom duration \u22656 months), consistent with a PTED-compatible profile as proposed by Linden et\u00a0al. (2004). Embitterment severity was significantly associated with hopelessness, hostility, anger expression, somatization, negative self-perception, interpersonal relationship problems, occupational stress, financial stress, parenting stress, marital stress, childhood abuse, and dysfunctional family structure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present findings suggest that PTED-compatible symptom patterns may represent a clinically meaningful and underrecognized cognitive-emotional syndrome in psychiatric outpatient settings. Further longitudinal and cross-cultural studies are needed to clarify the diagnostic boundaries, phenomenology, and therapeutic implications of PTED-compatible presentations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1874299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T05:36:19Z","timestamp":1784871379000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Embitterment symptoms and comorbid psychopathology in an anxiety outpatient clinic: frequency, clinical distribution, and psychosocial correlates"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Bahar","family":"Arslan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Psychiatry, Republic of T\u00fcrkiye (TC) Saglik Bakanligi Elazig Ruh Sagligi ve Hastaliklari Hastanesi","place":["El\u00e2z\u0131\u011f, 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