{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T05:17:05Z","timestamp":1788239825659,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Impaired gamma-band neural synchrony has emerged as a promising biomarker for precision psychiatry; however, clinically scalable methods for individual-level assessment remain limited. Widely available evoked response audiometry (ERA) systems offer a pragmatic and accessible platform for measuring the 40-Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR), and their utility has been demonstrated in patients with schizophrenia. This study investigated whether ERA-based profiling could be extended to mood disorders, which are believed to share underlying biological mechanisms with schizophrenia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a conventional ERA system, phase delay and phase-locking status of the 40-Hz ASSR were assessed in 107 participants, including individuals with schizophrenia (n = 29), bipolar disorder (n = 24), major depressive disorder (n = 25), and healthy controls (n = 29). Phase locking status was classified as either a phase-locked response or a nonphase-locked response (NPLR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with the healthy control group, all clinical groups exhibited significant phase delays in the 40-Hz ASSR. Phase-locking analysis identified NPLR not only in individuals with schizophrenia but also in a subset of participants with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings extend previous evidence of 40-Hz ASSR phase delay and demonstrate that individual-level NPLR assessment using a conventional ERA system applies beyond schizophrenia to bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. ERA-based evaluation of the 40-Hz ASSR may represent a practical and scalable approach for biomarker development in mood and psychotic disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1879294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T04:27:36Z","timestamp":1788236856000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phase delay and neural dyssynchrony of the 40-Hz auditory steady-state response in mood and psychotic disorders"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Masaya","family":"Yanagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University","place":["Osaka, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shizuka","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University","place":["Osaka, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Shirakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University","place":["Osaka, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamoru","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University","place":["Osaka, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aap8757","article-title":"Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain","volume":"360","author":"Anttila","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3406","article-title":"An atlas of genetic correlations across human diseases and traits","volume":"47","author":"Bulik-Sullivan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13337","article-title":"Cross disorder comparisons of brain structure in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a review of ENIGMA findings","volume":"76","author":"Cheon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13010126","article-title":"Gray matter volume as an intermediate phenotype for psychosis: bipolar-schizophrenia network on intermediate phenotypes (B-SNIP)","volume":"170","author":"Ivleva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.14091200","article-title":"Identification of distinct psychosis biotypes using brain-based biomarkers","volume":"173","author":"Clementz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab2358","article-title":"Medicine. 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