{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:59:42Z","timestamp":1786118382188,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The default mode network (DMN) plays an important role in depression and sleep regulation. However, whether sleep symptoms are associated with alterations in DMN homogeneity in adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether sleep symptom burden is associated with alterations in DMN homogeneity in adolescents with MDD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following quality control procedures, the final sample comprised 162 first-episode, drug-na\u00efve adolescents with MDD, including 86 participants with higher sleep symptom burden (MDD-S) and 76 participants with lower sleep symptom burden (MDD-NS), together with 53 healthy controls (HCs). Sleep grouping was based on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) sleep items. The DMN was identified using group independent component analysis (ICA). Voxel-wise network homogeneity (NH) values within the DMN were calculated and compared among groups. Correlation analyses and exploratory support vector machine (SVM) analyses were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Opposite-direction NH alterations in the precuneus were observed between groups with different sleep symptom burdens. Compared with HCs, the MDD-NS group showed increased NH in the right precuneus, whereas the MDD-S group exhibited decreased NH in the bilateral precuneus. Relative to the MDD-NS group, the MDD-S group showed increased NH in the left anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and angular gyrus, together with decreased NH in the right middle temporal gyrus. Exploratory SVM analyses showed modest discriminative performance, indicating limited utility of NH alterations alone for individual-level classification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adolescents with MDD and different levels of sleep symptoms exhibit distinct DMN homogeneity patterns. Sleep symptoms may be associated with altered DMN synchronization patterns, particularly within the precuneus. The opposite-direction precuneus alterations observed across MDD subgroups may provide a potential perspective for understanding some of the heterogeneous DMN findings reported in previous depression studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1886224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T15:44:34Z","timestamp":1786031074000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of sleep symptom burden with default mode network homogeneity in first-episode drug-na\u00efve adolescents with major depressive disorder"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yixiang","family":"You","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Wudong Hospital","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Wudong Hospital","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongze","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Wudong Hospital","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changyong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Wudong Hospital","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Wudong Hospital","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.115958","article-title":"Global, regional, and national temporal trend in burden of major depressive disorder from 1990 to 2019: An analysis of the global burden of disease study","volume":"337","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2013.10.4.373","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical correlates of insomnia in depressive disorders: The CRESCEND study","volume":"10","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116888","article-title":"The prevalence of insomnia in depressed adults: a systematic review","volume":"356","author":"Toynbee","year":"2026","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmen.0000531","article-title":"Sleep and psychiatric disorders: Bidirectional interactions and shared neurobiological mechanisms","volume":"2","author":"Hyndych","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Ment Health"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.10.033","article-title":"Is sleep disturbance linked to short- and long-term outcomes following treatments for recurrent depression","volume":"262","author":"Boland","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.02.061","article-title":"Structural connectivity allows for multi-threading during rest: the structure of the cortex leads to efficient alternation between resting state exploratory behavior and default mode processing","volume":"60","author":"Senden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.09.020","article-title":"Resting-state functional connectivity in major depression: abnormally increased contributions from subgenual cingulate cortex and thalamus","volume":"62","author":"Greicius","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048658","article-title":"Amplitude of low-frequency oscillations in first-episode, treatment-naive patients with major depressive disorder: a resting-state functional MRI study","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.01.006","article-title":"Localized connectivity in depression: a meta-analysis of resting state functional imaging studies","volume":"51","author":"Iwabuchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102163","article-title":"Altered resting-state dynamic functional brain networks in major depressive disorder: Findings from the REST-meta-MDD consortium","volume":"26","author":"Long","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43105","article-title":"Rumination and default mode network subsystems connectivity in first-episode, drug-naive young patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"7","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.09.021","article-title":"Shared and distinct patterns of default mode network dysfunction in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder: A comparative meta-analysis","volume":"368","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106482","article-title":"Altered default mode network and glymphatic function in insomnia with depression: A multimodal MRI study","volume":"131","author":"Tao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.07.089","article-title":"Neuroimaging insights into the link between depression and insomnia: A systematic review","volume":"258","author":"Bagherzadeh-Azbari","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00317","article-title":"Aberrant effective connectivity of the right anterior insula in primary insomnia","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2023-101371","article-title":"Association between abnormal default mode network homogeneity and sleep disturbances in major depressive disorder","volume":"37","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gen Psychiatr"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-024-03064-7","article-title":"Analysis of functional connectivity changes in attention networks and default mode networks in patients with depression and insomnia","volume":"28","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.6154","article-title":"Sleep-wake differences in relative regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose among patients with insomnia compared with good sleepers","volume":"39","author":"Kay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S128811","article-title":"Abnormal whole-brain functional connectivity in patients with primary insomnia","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2007.11.031","article-title":"Network homogeneity reveals decreased integrity of default-mode network in ADHD","volume":"169","author":"Uddin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091102","article-title":"Abnormal default-mode network homogeneity in first-episode, drug-naive major depressive disorder","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3622","article-title":"Potential correlations between abnormal homogeneity of default mode network and personality or lipid level in major depressive disorder","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2024.149169","article-title":"The impact of insomnia on brain networks topology in depressed patients: A resting-state fMRI study","volume":"1844","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2014.08.002","article-title":"Development of the default mode and central executive networks across early adolescence: a longitudinal study","volume":"10","author":"Sherman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev Cognit Neurosci"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsy009","article-title":"Sleep quality and adolescent default mode network connectivity","volume":"13","author":"Tashjian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Cognit Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1967.tb00530.x","article-title":"Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness","volume":"6","author":"Hamilton","year":"1967","journal-title":"Br J Soc Clin Psychol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00093","article-title":"Increased salience network activity in patients with insomnia complaints in major depressive disorder","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2016.12.005","article-title":"Aberrant default mode network homogeneity in patients with first-episode treatment-naive melancholic depression","volume":"112","author":"Cui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2014.0244","article-title":"Save the global: global signal connectivity as a tool for studying clinical populations with functional magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"4","author":"Hahamy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Connect"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.03.080","article-title":"Decreased dorsal attention network homogeneity as a potential neuroimaging biomarker for major depressive disorder","volume":"332","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.10.018","article-title":"Spurious but systematic correlations in functional connectivity MRI networks arise from subject motion","volume":"59","author":"Power","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23429","article-title":"Structural and functional connectivity of the precuneus and thalamus to the default mode network","volume":"38","author":"Cunningham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl004","article-title":"The precuneus: a review of its functional anatomy and behavioural correlates","volume":"129","author":"Cavanna","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.125344","article-title":"Resting-state functional connectivity abnormalities in first-onset unmedicated depression","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neural Regener Res"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2024.111158","article-title":"Aberrant individual large-scale functional network connectivity and topology in chronic insomnia disorder with and without depression","volume":"136","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/neurosci6030061","article-title":"Sleep deprivation in rats causes dissociation of the synaptic NMDA receptor\/D1 dopamine receptor heterocomplex","volume":"6","author":"Kiknadze","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurosci"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.adp9358","article-title":"Sleep loss is a metabolic disorder","volume":"18","author":"Feeney","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-15-88","article-title":"Sleep deprivation leads to a loss of functional connectivity in frontal brain regions","volume":"15","author":"Verweij","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.2000.00225.x","article-title":"Neural basis of alertness and cognitive performance impairments during sleepiness. I. Effects of 24 h of sleep deprivation on waking human regional brain activity","volume":"9","author":"Thomas","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79816-8","article-title":"Decreased resting-state alpha-band activation and functional connectivity after sleep deprivation","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-018-0861-3","article-title":"Insomnia disorder and brain\u2019s default-mode network","volume":"18","author":"Marques","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2116673119","article-title":"Adolescent development of multiscale structural wiring and functional interactions in the human connectome","volume":"119","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.618805","article-title":"Disrupted regional homogeneity in melancholic and non-melancholic major depressive disorder at rest","volume":"12","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-024-01871-3","article-title":"Altered static and dynamic functional network connectivity in individuals with subthreshold depression: a large-scale resting-state fMRI study","volume":"275","author":"Liao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2023.3258601","article-title":"An ensemble classification model for depression based on wearable device sleep data","volume":"28","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE J BioMed Health Inform"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1886224\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T15:44:35Z","timestamp":1786031075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1886224\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1886224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1886224","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"article-number":"1886224"}}