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Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Childhood adverse experiences appear to increase sensitivity to stress, potentially influencing lifelong social adjustment. Previous studies suggest that serotonergic multilocus genetic variation moderates the relationship between environmental factors and social adjustment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated an adolescent sample (mean age 14.15 \u00b1 0.63 years; N = 700), using theory-driven multilocus genetic profile scores (MGPS) to measure serotonergic multilocus genetic variation. Leveraging longitudinal data, we examined the interactions between serotonergic MGPS, childhood abuse (CA), and parent-child relationship and their impact on three adolescent adjustment outcomes: depressive symptoms, aggressive behavior, and creativity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings revealed significant gene \u00d7 environment \u00d7 environment (G \u00d7 E \u00d7 E) interactions among serotonergic MGPS, CA, and parent-child relationship that predicted depressive symptoms in the mother-child model and aggressive behavior in both father-child and mother-child models. In contrast, creativity was predicted by a significant gene \u00d7 environment (G \u00d7 E) interaction between serotonergic MGPS and parent-child relationship, whereas no significant G \u00d7 E \u00d7 E interaction was found.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlights that adolescent social adjustment may reflect the interplay of genetic factors (serotonergic MGPS), distal experiences (CA), and proximal environmental influences (parent-child relationship), providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying adolescent social adjustment through the lens of gene-environment interactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1887601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T05:38:30Z","timestamp":1785821910000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The impact of parent-child relationship on adolescent social adjustment following childhood abuse: the moderation of the serotonergic multilocus genetic variation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"De","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"Art Education Center, Hunan University","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"Research Centre for Mental Health Education of Hunan Province","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Resources, Hunan Normal University","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanyun","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"Research Centre for Mental Health Education of Hunan Province","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp1902_2","article-title":"Social adjustment, social performance, and social skills: A tri-component model of social competence","volume":"19","author":"Cavell","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Child Psychol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2025.2541354","article-title":"Longitudinal associations between aggression and depression across late-childhood to mid-adolescence: A test of failure pathways","author":"Ji","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s095457941100023x","article-title":"Joint trajectories for social and physical aggression as predictors of adolescent maladjustment: internalizing symptoms, rule-breaking behaviors, and borderline and narcissistic personality features","volume":"23","author":"Underwood","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13944","article-title":"Effects of creativity on social and behavioral adjustment in 7\u2010to 11\u2010year\u2010old children","volume":"1438","author":"Fancourt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2018.06.001","article-title":"Do more creative people adapt better? 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