{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T12:07:44Z","timestamp":1789474064181,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Childhood maltreatment is associated with adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), but the roles of depressive symptoms and physical activity remain unclear. We examined these relationships using variable-level and network approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study included 2,354 adolescents recruited by convenience sampling from 30 secondary schools in six Chinese provinces. The 12-item behavior dimension of the Adolescent Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Assessment Questionnaire was the primary outcome. Covariate-adjusted indirect-effect and conditional process analyses used HC3 standard errors and 5,000 bootstrap samples; an 18-node regularized partial-correlation network was also estimated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Childhood maltreatment correlated positively with depressive symptoms (r\u00a0= .365) and NSSI behavior (r = .366), while depressive symptoms correlated positively with NSSI behavior (r = .531; all p &amp;lt; .001). Physical activity was negatively associated with depressive symptoms and NSSI behavior. Depressive symptoms showed a significant cross-sectional indirect association between childhood maltreatment and NSSI behavior (effect = .084, 95% bootstrap CI [.072, .098]). The depressive symptoms \u00d7 physical activity interaction was statistically significant but very small (B = \u2212.015, 95% CI [\u2212.021, \u2212.010]; \u0394R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = .013; f\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = .019), indicating limited practical significance despite the large sample size. Results remained stable after excluding the PHQ-9 self-harm item. Network analysis identified emotional neglect, sleep problems, and physical neglect as prominent positive bridge nodes, while the single NSSI node showed high cross-community connectivity; physical activity showed only weak cross-community connections after accounting for the remaining nodes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depressive symptoms statistically accounted for part of the childhood maltreatment\u2013NSSI association. Although physical activity significantly interacted with depressive symptoms, the interaction explained only 1.3% of additional variance and had limited practical significance. The weak physical activity connections in the network further suggested little unique symptom-level association after shared variance was controlled. Because the data were cross-sectional, temporal mediation and causal inferences cannot be established, and clinical benefit cannot be inferred.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1899267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:52:06Z","timestamp":1789473126000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Childhood maltreatment and adolescent non-suicidal self-injury: cross-sectional conditional process and network analyses of depressive symptoms and physical activity"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Wanchun","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Sport University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Health, Huaihua University","place":["Huaihua, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Sport University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15031254","article-title":"Non-suicidal self-injury in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review of associated factors and management difficulties","volume":"15","author":"Coll-Oltra","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11051218","article-title":"Psychopathological and interactive-relational characteristics in non-suicidal self-injury adolescent outpatients","volume":"11","author":"Miscioscia","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin 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