{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T07:16:37Z","timestamp":1788419797456,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hoarding disorder (HD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by persistent difficulty in discarding possessions, leading to significant clutter and functional impairment. HD is often comorbid with other psychiatric disorders, but previous findings of these comorbidities are inconsistent due to limited structured assessments. This study investigates the psychiatric comorbidities in individuals with HD using structured, clinician-administered interviews.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 2016 and 2022, 68 individuals diagnosed with HD were recruited from an outpatient clinic at Kyushu University Hospital. Comorbid psychiatric disorders were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM, Conners\u2019 Adult Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Diagnostic Interview, and additional standardized scales. Demographic, clinical, and diagnostic data were collected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty percent of the participants had at least one comorbid psychiatric disorder. ADHD was the most common comorbid disorder, occurring in 29.4% of the participants (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.6\u201340.3), followed by obsessive-compulsive disorder in 26.5% (95% CI, 16.0\u201336.9) and major depressive disorder in 20.6% (95% CI, 11.2\u201330.7). Among the participants with ADHD, 55% had the predominantly inattentive presentation and 45% had the combined presentation; none had the predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most common comorbidity associated with HD is ADHD. The significance of this study lies in the fact that a structured interview with a clinician was also used to diagnose ADHD; we believe that identifying comorbidities in HD will allow future research to better understand the related clinical features, neuropsychological testing, and imaging studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1909322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T06:43:48Z","timestamp":1788417828000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychiatric comorbidities in hoarding disorder: a structured clinical interview study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Nami","family":"Nishida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University","place":["Fukuoka, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keitaro","family":"Murayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University Hospital","place":["Fukuoka, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Tomiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University Hospital","place":["Fukuoka, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenta","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University Hospital","place":["Fukuoka, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Mingi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University","place":["Fukuoka, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kou","family":"Matsukuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University","place":["Fukuoka, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Kawahito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University","place":["Fukuoka, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kana","family":"Tsunoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University","place":["Fukuoka, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuro","family":"Kamio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University","place":["Fukuoka, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayaka","family":"Shuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University","place":["Fukuoka, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Nakao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University","place":["Fukuoka, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.focus.130218","article-title":"Comorbidity in hoarding disorder","volume":"28","author":"Frost","year":"2011","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22015","article-title":"An exploration of comorbid symptoms and clinical correlates of clinically significant hoarding symptoms","volume":"30","author":"Hall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.09.037","article-title":"Identifying psychiatric and neurological comorbidities associated with hoarding disorder through network analysis","volume":"156","author":"Sordo Vieira","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2010.12.002","article-title":"Inattention, but not OCD, predicts the core features of hoarding disorder","volume":"49","author":"Tolin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20691","article-title":"ADHD prevalence and association with hoarding behaviors in childhood-onset OCD","volume":"27","author":"Sheppard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22123","article-title":"Is ADHD in childhood associated with lifetime hoarding symptoms? An epidemiological study","volume":"30","author":"Fullana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.12.024","article-title":"Elevated levels of hoarding in ADHD: A special link with inattention","volume":"145","author":"Morein-Zamir","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.09.006","article-title":"Who really hoards? Hoarding symptoms in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and healthy controls","volume":"166","author":"Grassi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13651501.2024.2427615","article-title":"The complex clinical and cognitive phenotype of adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid hoarding disorder","volume":"28","author":"Grassi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ndt.s62084","article-title":"Neuropsychological and neurophysiological insights into hoarding disorder","volume":"11","author":"Grisham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12853","article-title":"Pathophysiology and treatment of hoarding disorder","volume":"73","author":"Nakao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.70003","article-title":"Attitudes to possessions in emerging adults: Predictors of hoarding behaviours and beliefs","volume":"65","author":"Kartal","year":"2026","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2020.100520","article-title":"A network analysis of hoarding symptoms, saving and acquiring motives, and comorbidity","volume":"25","author":"Timpano","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Obsessive Compuls Relat Disord"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.10m06380","article-title":"The epidemiology of the proposed DSM-5 hoarding disorder: Exploration of the acquisition specifier, associated features, and distress","volume":"72","author":"Timpano","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.130195","article-title":"Epidemiology of hoarding disorder","volume":"203","author":"Nordsletten","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(95)00071-2","article-title":"A cognitive-behavioral model of compulsive hoarding","volume":"34","author":"Frost","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-007-9068-7","article-title":"Development and validation of the clutter image rating","volume":"30","author":"Frost","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2009.05.001","article-title":"A brief interview for assessing compulsive hoarding: the Hoarding Rating Scale-Interview","volume":"178","author":"Tolin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2013.06.003","article-title":"The Structured Interview for Hoarding Disorder (SIHD): Development, usage and further validation","volume":"2","author":"Nordsletten","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Obsessive-Compulsive Related Disord"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22589","article-title":"Enhancing group cognitive\u2010behavioral therapy for hoarding disorder with between\u2010session internet\u2010based clinician support: A feasibility study","volume":"74","author":"Ivanov","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2016.12.005","article-title":"An open trial of cognitive behavioral therapy with contingency management for hoarding disorder","volume":"12","author":"Worden","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Obsessive-Compulsive Related Disord"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1399062","article-title":"Reduced resting-state functional connectivity between insula and inferior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus in hoarding disorder","volume":"15","author":"Kato","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B23","volume-title":"Conners' adult ADHD diagnostic interview for DSM-IV\u2122","author":"Epstein","year":"2001"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2018.11.001","article-title":"Relationship between symptom severity, psychiatric comorbidity, social\/occupational impairment, and suicidality in hoarding disorder","volume":"21","author":"Archer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Obsessive-Compulsive Related Disord"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e03527","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of hoarding disorder in Japanese patients","volume":"6","author":"Kuwano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.04.004","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of hoarding behavior in a community-based sample","volume":"46","author":"Samuels","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2011.00418.x","article-title":"Widespread and sustained cognitive deficits in alcoholism: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"18","author":"Stavro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.693","article-title":"Inter-rater reliability of the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders (SCID I) and axis II disorders (SCID II)","volume":"18","author":"Lobbestael","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12931","article-title":"Clinical validity and intrarater and test-retest reliability of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 - Clinician Version (SCID-5-CV)","volume":"73","author":"Os\u00f3rio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"B30","article-title":"Preliminary examination of the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Clutter Image Rating (CIR)","author":"Horiuchi","year":"2019"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.14389\/jsad.6.2_72","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of Japanese young adults with hoarding tendencies","volume":"6","author":"Tsuchiyagaito","year":"2015","journal-title":"Japanese J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.12.008","article-title":"Family burden of compulsive hoarding: results of an internet survey","volume":"46","author":"Tolin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ndt.s133471","article-title":"Factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Japanese version of the hoarding rating scale-self-report (hrs-sr-J)","author":"Tsuchiyagaito","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.12.008","article-title":"Neuropsychological impairment associated with compulsive hoarding","volume":"45","author":"Grisham","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1352465812000835","article-title":"An investigation of executive functioning, attention and working memory in compulsive hoarding","volume":"41","author":"McMillan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav Cogn Psychother"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.06.022","article-title":"Neuropsychological functioning in hoarding disorder","volume":"189","author":"Tolin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1041610216002465","article-title":"Hoarding in the elderly: a critical review of the recent literature","volume":"29","author":"Roane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.04.002","article-title":"Review of cognitive performance in hoarding disorder","volume":"34","author":"Woody","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.07.031","article-title":"Long-term changes of hoarding symptoms among adults with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treated with methylphenidate","volume":"190","author":"Grassi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1041610214001677","article-title":"Predictors of hoarding severity in older adults with hoarding disorder","volume":"27","author":"Ayers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.12.115","article-title":"Obsessive compulsive disorder with and without hoarding symptoms: Characterizing differences","volume":"246","author":"Boerema","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.08.003","article-title":"Hoarding and depression: The mediating role of perceived burdensomeness","volume":"83","author":"Raines","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.05.009","article-title":"Hoarding disorder in older adulthood","volume":"23","author":"Ayers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.08.001","article-title":"Hoarding among patients seeking treatment for anxiety disorders","volume":"25","author":"Tolin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.focus.19403","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy for hoarding disorder: A meta\u2010analysis","volume":"32","author":"Tolin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Depression Anxiety"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1909322\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T06:43:49Z","timestamp":1788417829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1909322\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1909322"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1909322","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"article-number":"1909322"}}