{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T06:07:13Z","timestamp":1788934033867,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010270","name":"Capital Health Research and Development of Special Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024-3-2128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-3-2128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Childhood trauma may influence clinical presentation in first-episode schizophrenia (FES), but its specific associations with cognitive function and clinical symptoms remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy-one FES participants and 62 healthy controls were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF), MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Calgary Depression Scale (CDSS). Group comparisons, Spearman correlations, hierarchical regression, and mediation analyses (PROCESS macro) were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FES participants reported significantly higher childhood trauma (except physical abuse) and performed worse on all MCCB domains (all *p* &amp;lt; 0.00625). Within the clinical group, those with childhood trauma (71.8%) showed nominally lower MCCB total scores (*p* = 0.042) and a trend toward higher negative symptoms (*p* = 0.083). Exploratory analyses indicated that physical neglect was associated with attention\/vigilance (r = -0.54) and overall cognition (*r* = -0.69); physical abuse with social cognition (*r* = -0.54); sexual abuse with general psychopathology (*r* = 0.56). No independent associations of trauma subtypes were found in regression analyses. Attention\/vigilance was significantly associated with negative symptoms (\u03b2 = -0.43, *p* = 0.002) but did not mediate the trauma-symptom relationship.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FES participants report more childhood trauma and exhibit widespread cognitive impairment, with physical neglect most strongly linked to attentional deficits. Attention\/vigilance was associated with negative symptoms, suggesting that trauma-informed cognitive rehabilitation may have potential value.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1911400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:49:29Z","timestamp":1788932969000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations between childhood trauma, cognitive function, and clinical symptoms in first-episode schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ru","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang-Qin","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Peng","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan-Yue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian-Bin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.06.018","article-title":"Which levels of cognitive impairments and negative symptoms are related to functional deficits in schizophrenia","volume":"104","author":"Strassnig","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1808803","article-title":"Schizophrenia","volume":"381","author":"Marder","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01730-X","article-title":"Schizophrenia","volume":"399","author":"Jauhar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.01.023","article-title":"Relationship between childhood adversity and clinical and cognitive features in schizophrenia","volume":"46","author":"McCabe","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712000785","article-title":"Childhood adversity in schizophrenia: a systematic meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Matheson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs050","article-title":"Childhood adversities increase the risk of psychosis: a meta-analysis of patient-control, prospective- and cross-sectional cohort studies","volume":"38","author":"Varese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12091169","article-title":"Childhood trauma and psychosis in a prospective cohort study: cause, effect, and directionality","volume":"170","author":"Kelleher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp096","article-title":"The association between childhood trauma and memory functioning in schizophrenia","volume":"37","author":"Shannon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.10.048","article-title":"The effect of lifetime adversities on resistance to antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia patients","volume":"161","author":"Hassan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47626\/2237-6089-2019-0081","article-title":"Childhood trauma is associated with onset of symptoms, functioning and cognition in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"44","author":"De-Nardin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Psychiatry Psychother"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.03.037","article-title":"Network structure of psychotic symptoms and childhood trauma in first-episode versus treatment-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"185","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2024.52","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the traumatogenic phenotype hypothesis of psychosis","volume":"10","author":"Onyeama","year":"2024","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.210178","article-title":"Childhood trauma and cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia: mediation by orbitofrontal cortex H-shaped sulci volume","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02044-9","article-title":"Exploring the mediation of DNA methylation across the epigenome between childhood adversity and first episode of psychosis-findings from the EU-GEI study","volume":"28","author":"Alameda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22556","article-title":"Early adversity affects cerebellar structure and function-a systematic review of human and animal studies","volume":"66","author":"Mundorf","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dev Psychobiol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scog.2020.100179","article-title":"Does childhood trauma influence cognitive functioning in schizophrenia? The association of childhood trauma and cognition in schizophrenia spectrum disorders","volume":"21","author":"M\u00f8rkved","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr Res Cognit"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.09.028","article-title":"Nonlinear associations between reported childhood trauma and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia spectrum disorders","volume":"285","author":"Denaroso","year":"2025","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715001816","article-title":"Impact of childhood adversities on specific symptom dimensions in first-episode psychosis","volume":"46","author":"Ajnakina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000511","article-title":"Are specific early-life adversities associated with specific symptoms of psychosis?: a patient study considering just world beliefs as a mediator","volume":"204","author":"Wickham","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2026.2622767","article-title":"Childhood experiences of abuse and neglect: links with different psychopathology symptom dimensions in a Mexican sample","volume":"17","author":"Sheinbaum","year":"","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2025.2536199","article-title":"Early childhood trauma and its long-term impact on cognitive and emotional development: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Fan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-025-00620-2","article-title":"Pathways between childhood trauma, clinical symptoms, and functioning in new-onset psychosis: novel insights from a network analysis approach","volume":"11","author":"Kiakos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Schizophr (Heidelb)"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.240150","article-title":"Childhood trauma and hippocampal-dependent memory across the psychosis spectrum: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Mason","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2025.106176","article-title":"The effects of childhood adversity: two specific neural patterns","volume":"174","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2026.102700","article-title":"The relationship between childhood trauma and adult neuroticism: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"124","author":"Rosenek","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-025-02047-z","article-title":"The impact of adverse childhood experiences on DNA methylation age: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Russell","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin Epigenet"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7893.2009.00148.x","article-title":"Review of the operational definition for first-episode psychosiseip","volume":"3","author":"Breitborde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Early Interv Psychiatry"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs050","article-title":"Childhood adversities increase the risk of psychosis: a meta-analysis of patient-control, prospective- and cross-sectional cohort studies","volume":"38","author":"Varese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12091169","article-title":"Childhood trauma and psychosis in a prospective cohort study: cause, effect, and directionality","volume":"170","author":"Kelleher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2639","article-title":"Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition","volume":"10","author":"Lupien","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00274","article-title":"Childhood trauma in schizophrenia: current findings and research perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Popovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-022-02567-5","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental disturbances in schizophrenia: evidence from genetic and environmental factors","volume":"130","author":"Schmitt","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.02.014","article-title":"The relevance of processing speed in the functioning of people with first-episode psychosis","volume":"160","author":"Abella","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000001788","article-title":"The impact of childhood trauma on the negative symptoms of schizophrenia","volume":"212","author":"Ware","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2023.02.006","article-title":"Distinct associations of deprivation and threat with alterations in brain structure in early childhood","volume":"62","author":"Machlin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2025.01.004","article-title":"Early life stress and brain development: neurobiological and behavioral effects of chronic stress","volume":"291","author":"Jamil","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1159\/000484238","article-title":"Effects of early-life adversity on hippocampal structures and associated HPA axis functions","volume":"40","author":"Dahmen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev Neurosci"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bne0000608","article-title":"Acute early life stress alters threat processing in adult rats","volume":"139","author":"Minshall","year":"2025","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457942000139X","article-title":"Exposure to early childhood maltreatment and its effect over time on social cognition","volume":"34","author":"Crawford","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00156","article-title":"Effects of childhood maltreatment on social cognition and brain functional connectivity in borderline personality disorder patients","volume":"10","author":"Duque-Alarc\u00f3n","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2021.105221","article-title":"The role of childhood trauma, HPA axis reactivity and FKBP5 genotype on cognition in healthy individuals","volume":"128","author":"Ferrer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2024.100312","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment and amygdala-mediated anxiety and posttraumatic stress following adult trauma","volume":"4","author":"Harb","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00261","article-title":"Early trauma and cognitive functions of patients with schizophrenia","volume":"10","author":"Carrilho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02291-4","article-title":"Increased blood neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) associated with early life stress: translational findings in recent-onset schizophrenia and rodent model","volume":"12","author":"Corsi-Zuelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1911400\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:49:32Z","timestamp":1788932972000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1911400\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1911400"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1911400","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"article-number":"1911400"}}