{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T09:00:00Z","timestamp":1790067600190,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adolescence is marked by heightened vulnerability to anxiety which can impair decision-making under uncertainty. The underlying neural oscillatory network-level mechanisms in anxious adolescents require further elucidation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recruited 40 adolescents (20 adolescents with clinically diagnosed anxiety disorders, 20 matched controls). Participants performed a gain\/loss version of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) during EEG recording. Behavioral data, time-frequency EEG power in beta (13\u201330 Hz) and theta (4\u20137 Hz) bands, and phase-based functional connectivity were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anxious adolescents exhibited significant behavioral avoidance, reflected in fewer pump attempts and lower BART scores compared to controls. EEG analysis revealed elevated beta-band power during gain decisions and enhanced beta-band occipito-temporal connectivity in the anxious group. In loss contexts, anxious adolescents showed increased theta-band parieto-temporal connectivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adolescent anxiety is associated with a generalized avoidance pattern during uncertain decision-making, characterized by distinct neural dynamics. Beta-band changes in gain contexts may reflect heightened vigilance, while theta-band connectivity in loss contexts may indicate amplified threat monitoring. These neural signatures may represent candidate neurophysiological signatures of anxiety-related alterations in decision-making under uncertainty, warranting further validation in longitudinal and predictive studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1918215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T08:05:16Z","timestamp":1790064316000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neural mechanisms of uncertain decision-making in anxious adolescents: an EEG study based on the balloon analogue risk task"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Cheng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North China University of Science and Technology","place":["Tangshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinling","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North China University of Science and Technology","place":["Tangshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North China University of Science and Technology","place":["Tangshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingjie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North China University of Science and Technology","place":["Tangshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North China University of Science and Technology","place":["Tangshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Adolescent Mental Health\n          \n          \n          \n          2023"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12677\/AP.2024.142105","article-title":"The impact of emotional neglect in childhood on adolescent emotional and behavioral problems: The mediating role of self-efficacy","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Psychol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2017.12.017","article-title":"Anxiety profiles and protective factors: A latent profile analysis in children","volume":"124","author":"Mammarella","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"B4","volume-title":"The role of parents in adolescent depression and anxiety","author":"Xu","year":"2023"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2007.05.008","article-title":"Neurocognitive mechanisms of anxiety: An integrative account","volume":"11","author":"Bishop","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Cognit Sci"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2007.08.002","article-title":"A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking","volume":"28","author":"Steinberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev Rev"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40962","article-title":"Adolescents display distinctive tolerance to ambiguity and to uncertainty during risky decision making","volume":"7","author":"van den Bos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128356","article-title":"Frames, biases, and rational decision-making in the human brain","volume":"313","author":"De Martino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.12.010","article-title":"Enhanced risk aversion, but not loss aversion, in unmedicated pathological anxiety","volume":"81","author":"Charpentier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.7.2.336","article-title":"Anxiety and cognitive performance: Attentional control theory","volume":"7","author":"Eysenck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.185.4157.1124","article-title":"Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases","volume":"185","author":"Tversky","year":"1974","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7455683","article-title":"The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice","volume":"211","author":"Tversky","year":"1981","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/obhd.1998.2804","article-title":"All frames are not created equal: A typology and critical analysis of framing effects","volume":"76","author":"Levin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Organizational Behav Hum Decision Processes"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2012.07.009","article-title":"Emotion and decision-making: Affect-driven belief systems in anxiety and depression","volume":"16","author":"Paulus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Cognit Sci"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3524","article-title":"Uncertainty and anticipation in anxiety: An integrated neurobiological and psychological perspective","volume":"14","author":"Grupe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2006.11.007","article-title":"Frames and brains: Elicitation and control of response tendencies","volume":"11","author":"Kahneman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Cognit Sci"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22265","article-title":"Neural correlates of risky decision making in anxious youth and healthy controls","volume":"31","author":"Jarcho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Depression Anxiety"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01363-z","article-title":"A neural and behavioral trade-off between value and uncertainty underlies exploratory decisions in normative anxiety","volume":"27","author":"Aberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00001","article-title":"Neural mechanisms underlying the influence of anxiety on decision-making","volume":"6","author":"Paulsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.01.020","article-title":"Anxiety and decision-making","volume":"72","author":"Hartley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00562","article-title":"Emotional processing and attention control impairments in children with anxiety: An integrative review of event-related potentials findings","volume":"7","author":"Wauthia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"B22","volume-title":"An Introduction to the Event-Related Potential Technique","author":"Luck","year":"2014"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9609.001.0001","volume-title":"Analyzing Neural Time Series Data: Theory and Practice","author":"Cohen","year":"2014"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.10.004","article-title":"Motivation, emotion, and their inhibitory control mirrored in brain oscillations","volume":"31","author":"Knyazev","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.02.015","article-title":"Beta-band oscillations\u2014signalling the status quo","volume":"20","author":"Engel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0170-17.2017","article-title":"Beyond the status quo: A role for beta oscillations in endogenous content (re)activation","volume":"4","author":"Spitzer","year":"2017","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.630813","article-title":"Increase in beta power reflects attentional top-down modulation after psychosocial stress induction","volume":"15","author":"Palacios-Garc\u00eda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-023-01132-1","article-title":"A neural oscillatory signature of sustained anxiety","volume":"23","author":"Roxburgh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cognitive Affective Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118920497.ch1","article-title":"Anxiety and the neural dynamics of cognitive control","volume":"79","author":"Cohen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2008.09.005","article-title":"Frontal-midline theta from the perspective of hippocampal \u201ctheta","volume":"86","author":"Mitchell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2014.04.012","article-title":"Frontal theta as a mechanism for cognitive control","volume":"18","author":"Cavanagh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Cognit Sci"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00479.2013","article-title":"Midfrontal conflict-related theta-band power reflects neural oscillations that predict behavior","volume":"110","author":"Cohen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-025-02745-2","article-title":"Developmental differences in threat learning are associated with changes in frontal-central theta activity","volume":"34","author":"Shner-Livne","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2024.108793","article-title":"Brain oscillations during emotion regulation and the two-dimensional model of adult attachment","volume":"189","author":"Domic-Siede","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858413494269","article-title":"Dorsal and ventral attention systems: Distinct neural circuits but collaborative roles","volume":"20","author":"Vossel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4432","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40743-y","article-title":"Interindividual neural differences in moral decision-making are mediated by alpha power and delta\/theta phase coherence","volume":"9","author":"Wolff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00264","article-title":"EEG correlates of self-referential processing","volume":"7","author":"Knyazev","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2011.0008","article-title":"Functional and effective connectivity: A review","volume":"1","author":"Friston","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Connect"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijchp.2022.100329","article-title":"Adolescent social anxiety undermines adolescent-parent interbrain synchrony during emotional processing: A hyperscanning study","volume":"22","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Clin Health Psychol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.01.015","article-title":"Neural oscillatory dynamics of anxiety in adolescent decision-making: An EEG study","volume":"340","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1440.010","article-title":"The adolescent brain","volume":"1124","author":"Casey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2513","article-title":"Why do many psychiatric disorders emerge during adolescence","volume":"9","author":"Paus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(01)00194-5","article-title":"Time-dependent cortical asymmetries induced by emotional arousal: EEG analysis of event-related synchronization and desynchronization in individually defined frequency bands","volume":"44","author":"Aftanas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.08.002","article-title":"Social fearfulness in the human brain","volume":"36","author":"Miskovic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906194107","article-title":"Theta-activity in anterior cingulate cortex predicts task rules and their adjustments following errors","volume":"107","author":"Womelsdorf","year":"2010","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099745","article-title":"Neuronal oscillations in cortical networks","volume":"304","author":"Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-898X.8.2.75","article-title":"Evaluation of a behavioral measure of risk-taking: The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART)","volume":"8","author":"Lejuez","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exp Psychology: Appl"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/t07705-000","article-title":"Evaluation of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) as a predictor of adolescent real-world risk-taking behaviors","volume":"9","author":"Lejuez","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Exp Psychology: Appl"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.02.047","article-title":"Distinct neural mechanisms of risk and ambiguity: A meta-analysis of decision-making","volume":"32","author":"Krain","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2015.00175","article-title":"A tutorial review of functional connectivity analysis methods and their interpretational pitfalls","volume":"9","author":"Bastos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aacfe4","article-title":"Phase locking value revisited: Teaching new tricks to an old dog","volume":"15","author":"Bru\u00f1a","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neural Eng"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2016.06.006","article-title":"Striatum on the anxiety map: Small detours into adolescence","volume":"1654","author":"Lago","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03193146","article-title":"G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.04.004","article-title":"Large-scale brain networks in cognition: Emerging methods and principles","volume":"14","author":"Bressler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Cognit Sci"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.09.038","article-title":"Intrinsic coupling modes: Multiscale interactions in ongoing brain activity","volume":"80","author":"Engel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.04.003","article-title":"Control mechanisms in working memory: A possible function of EEG theta oscillations","volume":"32","author":"Sauseng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)8:4<194::AID-HBM4>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Measuring phase synchrony in brain signals","volume":"8","author":"Lachaux","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20150","article-title":"EEG alpha synchronization and functional coupling during top-down processing in a working memory task","volume":"26","author":"Sauseng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2015.00175","article-title":"A tutorial review of functional connectivity analysis methods and their interpretational pitfalls","volume":"9","author":"Bastos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195050387.001.0001","article-title":"Electric Fields of the Brain: The Neurophysics of EEG. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press","author":"Nunez","year":"2006"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2015.04.012","article-title":"Issues and considerations for using the scalp surface Laplacian (current source density) methodology in EEG\/ERP research: A tutorial review","volume":"97","author":"Kayser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.06.005","article-title":"Generator localization by current source density: Implications of volume conduction and field closure at intracranial and scalp resolutions","volume":"123","author":"Tenke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22214\/ijraset.2024.59796","article-title":"Impact of indecisiveness and anxiety on decision making amongst adolescents","volume":"12","author":"Duarah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J For Res Appl Sci Eng Technol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2020-100411","article-title":"Adolescent anxiety disorders and the developing brain: Comparing neuroimaging findings in adolescents and adults","volume":"34","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.11.055","article-title":"Development of the emotional brain","volume":"693","author":"Casey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2013.01.001","article-title":"Neural sensitivity to eudaimonic and hedonic rewards differentially predict adolescent depressive symptoms over time","volume":"5","author":"Telzer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev Cognit Neurosci"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13644","article-title":"Developmental associations between risk-taking and anxiety symptoms across ages 8\u201312 years","volume":"92","author":"Tieskens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00203","article-title":"The impact of anxiety upon cognition: Perspectives from human threat of shock studies","volume":"7","author":"Robinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjmad.2023.100039","article-title":"Self-efficacy, stress, and symptoms of depression and anxiety in adolescents: An epidemiological cohort study with ecological momentary assessment","volume":"4","author":"F\u00fcrtjes","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Mood Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"B71","volume-title":"Cognitive Neural Mechanisms of the Effect of Trait Anxiety on Risk Decision-Making: Based on Resting-State Functional Connectivity","author":"Qi","year":"2014"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.118895","article-title":"State anxiety alters the neural oscillatory correlates of predictions and prediction errors during reward-based learning","volume":"249","author":"Hein","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00204","article-title":"Neural correlates of feedback processing in decision-making under risk","volume":"6","author":"Schuermann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13021","article-title":"Reward feedback stimuli elicit high-beta EEG oscillations in human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","volume":"5","author":"HajiHosseini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72128-x","article-title":"Beta oscillations following performance feedback predict subsequent recall of task-relevant information","volume":"10","author":"HajiHosseini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12653","article-title":"Annual Research Review: An expanded account of information-processing mechanisms in risk for child and adolescent anxiety and depression","volume":"58","author":"Lau","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.50654","article-title":"Alterations in the amplitude and burst rate of beta oscillations impair reward-dependent motor learning in anxiety","volume":"9","author":"Sporn","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49600-7","article-title":"Beta activity in human anterior cingulate cortex mediates reward biases","volume":"15","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00198.2021","article-title":"Cortical beta-band power modulates with uncertainty in effector selection during motor planning","volume":"126","author":"van Helvert","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.05.095","article-title":"Beta oscillations and reward processing: Coupling oscillatory activity and hemodynamic responses","volume":"119","author":"Mas-Herrero","year":"2015","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-023-01132-1","article-title":"A neural oscillatory signature of sustained anxiety","volume":"23","author":"Roxburgh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"B82","volume-title":"Anxiety and Computations of Uncertainty During Reward-Based Learning in Volatile Environments","author":"Hein","year":"2021"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2322869121","article-title":"Beta and theta oscillations track effort and previous reward in the human basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex during decision making","volume":"121","author":"Hoy","year":"2024","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-90362-z","article-title":"The power spectrum and functional connectivity characteristics of resting-state EEG in patients with generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2025.101560","article-title":"Disentangling the role of different resting-state neural markers of adolescent behavioral inhibition and social anxiety","volume":"73","author":"Politte-Corn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14527","article-title":"Theta oscillatory dynamics serving cognitive control index psychosocial distress in youth","volume":"60","author":"Proulx","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.61679","article-title":"Right inferior frontal gyrus implements motor inhibitory control via \u03b2-band oscillations in humans","volume":"10","author":"Schaum","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1163-19.2019","article-title":"Beta oscillations in working memory, executive control of movement and thought, and sensorimotor function","volume":"39","author":"Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2005.12.003","article-title":"Anxious apprehension increases coupling of delta and beta oscillations","volume":"61","author":"Knyazev","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphysparis.2014.04.003","article-title":"Frontal midline theta reflects anxiety and cognitive control: Meta-analytic evidence","volume":"109","author":"Cavanagh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Physiol-Paris"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116011","article-title":"Centro-parietal EEG potentials index subjective evidence and confidence during perceptual decision making","volume":"201","author":"Herding","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2021.698753","article-title":"Theta-range oscillations in stress-induced mental disorders: A translational view","volume":"15","author":"Okonogi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2004188","article-title":"Adolescent development of cortical oscillations: Power, phase, and support of cognitive maturation","volume":"16","author":"Marek","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS Biol"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.03.002","article-title":"Reliable evaluation of functional connectivity and graph theory measures in source-level EEG: How many electrodes are enough","volume":"150","author":"Hatlestad-Hall","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1918215\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T08:05:21Z","timestamp":1790064321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1918215\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"references-count":94,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1918215"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1918215","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"article-number":"1918215"}}