{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:55:29Z","timestamp":1791849329766,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522022400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T00:15:04Z","timestamp":1522023304000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"title":["Vaginal Microbiomes Associated With Aerobic Vaginitis and Bacterial Vaginosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Kaambo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlene","family":"Africa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramadhani","family":"Chambuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo-Ann Shelley","family":"Passmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-092611-150157","article-title":"Vaginal microbiome: rethinking health and disease","volume":"66","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-012-2293-7","article-title":"Normal vaginal flora, disorders and application of probiotics in pregnancy","volume":"286","author":"Stojanovic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-015-0197-y","article-title":"Common causes of vaginal infections and antibiotic susceptibility of aerobic bacterial isolates in women of reproductive age attending at Felegehiwot Referral Hospital, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Mulu","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.29063\/ajrh2017\/v21i2.12","article-title":"The threat of aerobic vaginitis to pregnancy and neonatal morbidity","volume":"21","author":"Kaambo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Afr J Reprod Health"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.7439\/ijbar.v5i6.762","article-title":"Study on types of vaginitis and association between bacterial vaginosis and urinary tract infection in pregnant women","volume":"5","author":"Lamichhane","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Biomed Adv Res"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4680","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002611107","article-title":"Vaginal microbiome of reproductive-age women","volume":"108","author":"Ravel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-107","article-title":"Basic vaginal pH, bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis: prevalence in early pregnancy and risk of spontaneous preterm delivery, a prospective study in a low socioeconomic and multiethnic South American population","volume":"14","author":"Krauss-Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2011.08.006","article-title":"Microbiota of the upper and lower genital tract","volume":"17","author":"Rampersaud","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.7416\/ai.2013.1946","article-title":"Vaginal microbiota and viral sexually transmitted diseases","volume":"25","author":"Nardis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Ig"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06041.x","article-title":"The genital econiche: focus on microbiota and bacterial vaginosis","volume":"1230","author":"Danielsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-153","article-title":"Genotyping of Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci) isolated from vaginal and rectal swabs of women at 35\u201337 weeks of pregnancy","volume":"9","author":"El Aila","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.07.010","article-title":"Contemporary perspectives on vaginal pH and lactobacilli","volume":"204","author":"Linhares","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2011.01.001","article-title":"Molecular methods to describe the spectrum and dynamics of the vaginal microbiota","volume":"17","author":"Fredricks","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2008.03.013","article-title":"Use of Lactobacillus probiotics for bacterial genitourinary infections in women: a review","volume":"30","author":"Barrons","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.admecli.2004.02.003","article-title":"Vaginitis in adolescents","volume":"15","author":"Syed","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adolesc Med Clin"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841X.2011.576332","article-title":"The epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidosis: a mycological perspective","volume":"37","author":"Ilkit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.01.005","article-title":"Innate and adaptive immunity at mucosal surfaces of the female reproductive tract: stratification and integration of immune protection against the transmission of sexually transmitted infections","volume":"88","author":"Hickey","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.1998.00101.x","article-title":"Evaluation and management of vaginitis","volume":"13","author":"Carr","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(05)70149-8","article-title":"Vaginitis in the adolescent patient","volume":"46","author":"Nyirjesy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-6012.ijrms20150615","article-title":"A study of aerobic bacterial pathogens associated with vaginitis in reproductive age group women (15\u201345 years) and their sensitivity pattern","volume":"3","author":"Sangeetha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2002.00432.x","article-title":"Definition of a type of abnormal vaginal flora that is distinct from bacterial vaginosis: aerobic vaginitis","volume":"109","author":"Donders","year":"2002","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.01.009","article-title":"An overview of global GBS epidemiology","volume":"31","author":"Le Doare","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2011.04977.x","article-title":"The etiology of bacterial vaginosis","volume":"110","author":"Turovskiy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5923\/j.rog.20130202.01","article-title":"Aerobic vaginitis during pregnancy","volume":"2","author":"Zarbo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2009.06.017","article-title":"Vaginal and oral microbes, host genotype and preterm birth","volume":"73","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"B26","first-page":"352","article-title":"Bacterial infections of the lower genital tract in fertile and infertile women from the southeastern Poland","volume":"84","author":"Tomusiak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ginekol Pol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03020.x","article-title":"Aerobic vaginitis in pregnancy","volume":"118","author":"Donders","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02237.x","article-title":"Predictive value for preterm birth of abnormal vaginal flora, bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis during the first trimester of pregnancy","volume":"116","author":"Donders","year":"2009","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02908-12","article-title":"Influence of the vaginal microbiota on toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 production by Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"79","author":"MacPhee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-013-1846-4","article-title":"Prevalence and treatment of aerobic vaginitis among non-pregnant women: evaluation of the evidence for an underestimated clinical entity","volume":"32","author":"Tansarli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719111418379","article-title":"Importance of vaginal microbes in reproductive health","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-015-0477-6","article-title":"Selecting anti-microbial treatment of aerobic vaginitis","volume":"17","author":"Donders","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2007.01.002","article-title":"Definition and classification of abnormal vaginal flora","volume":"21","author":"Donders","year":"2007","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00178","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00178-10","article-title":"Emergence and global dissemination of host-specific Streptococcus agalactiae clones","volume":"1","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2014.11.001","article-title":"Comparison of PCR and serotyping of group B Streptococcus in pregnant women: the Oslo GBS-study","volume":"108","author":"Brigtsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e98778","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098778","article-title":"Serotype-specific acquisition and loss of group B Streptococcus recto-vaginal colonization in late pregnancy","volume":"9","author":"Kwatra","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0148052","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148052","article-title":"A multi-country cross-sectional study of vaginal carriage of group B streptococci (GBS) and Escherichia coli in resource-poor settings: prevalences and risk factors","volume":"11","author":"Cools","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu067","article-title":"Group B Streptococcus beta-hemolysin\/cytolysin breaches maternal-fetal barriers to cause preterm birth and intrauterine fetal demise in vivo","volume":"210","author":"Randis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.062","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of a potential group B streptococcal vaccine program for pregnant women in South Africa","volume":"32","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.11.046","article-title":"Preventing the broad spectrum of perinatal morbidity and mortality through group B streptococcal vaccination","volume":"31","author":"Edwards","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000149154.96285.a0","article-title":"Acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy","volume":"105","author":"Hill","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(81)90226-X","article-title":"A prospective study of group B streptococcal bacteriuria in pregnancy","volume":"140","author":"Wood","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.01.006","article-title":"Untreated asymptomatic group B streptococcal bacteriuria early in pregnancy and chorioamnionitis at delivery","volume":"196","author":"Anderson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-014-3525-9","article-title":"Diagnostic and therapeutic advancements for aerobic vaginitis","volume":"291","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1159\/000314013","article-title":"Management of aerobic vaginitis","volume":"70","author":"Tempera","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"B46","first-page":"S84","article-title":"Opportunistic vaginal infections implicated in the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes","author":"Africa","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00078\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T00:15:06Z","timestamp":1522023306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00078\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00078"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00078","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]]},"article-number":"78"}}