{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T01:55:15Z","timestamp":1791338115722,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.517964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T05:15:51Z","timestamp":1603257351000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions Associated With Antimicrobial Stewardship Among Veterinary Students: A Multi-Country Survey From Nigeria, South Africa, and Sudan"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Folorunso O.","family":"Fasina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lerica","family":"LeRoux-Pullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Legesse K.","family":"Debusho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aminu","family":"Shittu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh M.","family":"Jajere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwawemimo","family":"Adebowale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Odetokun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Agbaje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Modupe M.","family":"Fasina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olubunmi G.","family":"Fasanmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"van Dyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed S.","family":"Abubakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monday M.","family":"Onakpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaad G.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hozaifa S.","family":"Yousuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waliedin E.","family":"Elmgboul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed M.","family":"Sirdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit370","article-title":"Medical students' perceptions and knowledge about antimicrobial stewardship: how are we educating our future prescribers?","volume":"57","author":"Abbo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"GenevaFoodborne Disease Surveillance: Antimicrobial Resistance2013"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"30","article-title":"Identifying hotspots of resistance selection from antibiotic exposure in urban environments around the World","volume-title":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Europe 29th Annual Meeting.","author":"Boxall","year":"2019"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"73","article-title":"The first global study of pharmaceutical contamination in riverine environments","volume-title":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Europe 29th Annual Meeting.","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2019"},{"key":"B5","volume-title":"Global Principles for the Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance in Animals Intended for Food","year":"2000"},{"key":"B6","unstructured":"OsloReport of a WHO consultation OsloMonitoring Antimicrobial usage in Food Animals for the Protection of Human Health.2002"},{"key":"B7","unstructured":"GenevaImpacts of Antimicrobial Growth Promoter Termination in Denmark: WHO International Review Panel's Evaluation of the Termination of the use of Antimicrobial Growth Promoters in Denmark2003"},{"key":"B8","unstructured":"GenevaWHOCritically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine (3rd Revision)2011"},{"key":"B9","volume-title":"Code of Practice to Minimize and Contain Antimicrobial Resistance","year":"2005"},{"key":"B10","volume-title":"Evolving Veterinary Education for a Safer World. Recommendation of the Meeting of the World Deans and Directors of Veterinary Training Institutions and Key National Veterinary Education Policy Makers Held Between 12 and 14 October 2009","year":"2009"},{"key":"B11","unstructured":"GenevaWHO Regional Office for EuropeTackling Antibiotic Resistance from a Food Safety Perspective in Europe2011"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/137.5.688","article-title":"Emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the intestinal flora of farm inhabitants","volume":"137","author":"Levy","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10571","article-title":"Ecology drives a global network of gene exchange connecting the human microbiome","volume":"480","author":"Smillie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1220761","article-title":"The shared antibiotic resistome of soil bacteria and human pathogens","volume":"337","author":"Forsberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00305","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00305-11","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus CC398: host adaptation and emergence of methicillin resistance in livestock","volume":"3","author":"Price","year":"2012","journal-title":"MBio."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2698","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.07723-11","article-title":"Longitudinal study of the persistence of antimicrobial-resistant campylobacter strains in distinct swine production systems on farms, at slaughter, and in the environment","volume":"78","author":"Quintana-Hayashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3435","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1222743110","article-title":"Diverse and abundant antibiotic resistance genes in Chinese swine farms","volume":"110","author":"Zhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12774\/eod_cr.june2015.graced","volume-title":"Review of Evidence on Antimicrobial Resistance and Animal Agriculture in Developing Countries, Evidence on Demand","author":"Grace","year":"2015"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5649","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1503141112","article-title":"Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals","volume":"112","author":"van Boeckel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20140083","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0083","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in humans, livestock and the wider environment","volume":"370","author":"Woolhouse","year":"2015","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci."},{"key":"B21","unstructured":"GenevaGlobal Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance2015"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics7020034","article-title":"Veterinary students' knowledge and perceptions about antimicrobial stewardship and biosecurity\u2014a national survey","volume":"7","author":"Hardefeldt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antibiotics."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2013.07.010","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of French medical students about antibiotic prescribing and resistance","volume":"43","author":"Dyar","year":"2013","journal-title":"M\u00e9decine Mal Infect."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt440","article-title":"European medical students: a first multicentre study of knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of antibiotic prescribing and antibiotic resistance","volume":"69","author":"Dyar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0150056","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150056","article-title":"Mapping Antimicrobial stewardship in undergraduate medical, dental, pharmacy, nursing and veterinary education in the United Kingdom","volume":"11","author":"Castro-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B26","unstructured":"O'NeilJ\n          LondonAntimicrobials in Agriculture and the Environment: Reducing Unnecessary Use and Waste (Series: The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance)2015"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a1765","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v90i0.1765","article-title":"Implication of the knowledge and perceptions of veterinary students of antimicrobial resistance for future prescription of antimicrobials in animal health, South Africa","volume":"90","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"J S Afr Vet Assoc."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v76i1.73","article-title":"Veterinary education in Africa : current and future perspectives : animal health management in the 21st century","volume":"76","author":"Swan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J Vet Res."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.101","article-title":"Principal component analysis","volume":"2","author":"Abdi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Comput Stat."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.7275\/hb2g-m060","article-title":"What is rotating in exploratory factor analysis?","volume":"20","author":"Osborne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pract Assess Res Eval."},{"key":"B31","first-page":"1","article-title":"The state of health system(s) in Africa: challenges and opportunities","volume-title":"Historical Perspectives on the State of Health and Health Systems in Africa, Vol. II","author":"Azevedo","year":"2017"},{"key":"B32","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance","year":"2014"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-813290-6.00007-X","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistant genes and organisms as environmental contaminants of emerging concern: addressing global public health risks","volume-title":"Management of Emerging Public Health Issues and Risks: Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Changing Environment","author":"Sanderson","year":"2019"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaaw1944","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw1944","article-title":"Global trends in antimicrobial resistance in animals in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"365","author":"van Boeckel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.15835\/nsb10210258","article-title":"Veterinary medical students' perceptions, attitude and knowledge about antibiotic resistance and stewardship: how prepared are our future prescribers?","volume":"10","author":"Anyanwu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Not Sci Biol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vas.2018.09.002","article-title":"Antimicrobial use practices of veterinary clinicians at a veterinary teaching hospital in the United States","volume":"7","author":"Ekakoro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Anim Sci."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6878-y","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude and practice of antibiotic use among university students: a cross sectional study in UAE","volume":"19","author":"Jairoun","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-6012.ijrms20182270","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude and practices of antibiotic usage among students from Mumbai University","volume":"6","author":"Limaye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Res Med Sci."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3996","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16203996","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practice associated with antibiotic use among university students: a survey in Nepal","volume":"16","author":"Shah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofw225","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw225","article-title":"An interprofessional curriculum on antimicrobial stewardship improves knowledge and attitudes toward appropriate antimicrobial use and collaboration","volume":"4","author":"MacDougall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6920-13-163","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude and practice of antibiotics: a questionnaire study among 2500 Chinese students","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0517-3","article-title":"Assessment of knowledge and attitude trends towards antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among the community members, pharmacists\/pharmacy owners and physicians in district Sialkot, Pakistan","volume":"8","author":"Waseem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.17.199687","article-title":"Complex determinants of inappropriate use of antibiotics","volume":"96","author":"Tangcharoensathien","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4910-7","article-title":"Situational analysis of antibiotic use and resistance in Ghana: policy and regulation","volume":"17","author":"Yevutsey","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2990","DOI":"10.5897\/AJMR2013.5631","article-title":"Antibiotics usage in food-producing animals in South Africa and impact on human: antibiotic resistance","volume":"7","author":"Moyane","year":"2013","journal-title":"African J Microbiol Res."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v82i1.816","article-title":"Pattern of antimicrobial usage in livestock animals in South-Western Nigeria: the need for alternative plans","volume":"82","author":"Adesokan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J Vet Res."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0117910","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117910","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude and practice towards antibiotic use among the public in Kuwait","volume":"10","author":"Awad","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2018.10.021","article-title":"Antimicrobial use practices, attitudes and responsibilities in UK farm animal veterinary surgeons","volume":"161","author":"Coyne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2020.517964\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T05:16:00Z","timestamp":1603257360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2020.517964\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2020.517964"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2020.517964","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]]},"article-number":"517964"}}