{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T23:51:59Z","timestamp":1790466719895,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in China in December 2019 and spread worldwide, causing more than 1.3 million deaths in 11 months. Similar to the human SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 shares strong sequence homologies with a sarbecovirus circulating in\n                    <jats:italic>Rhinolophus affinis<\/jats:italic>\n                    bats. Because bats are expected to be able to transmit their coronaviruses to intermediate animal hosts that in turn are a source of viruses able to cross species barriers and infect humans (so-called spillover model), the identification of an intermediate animal reservoir was the subject of intense researches. It was claimed that a reptile (\n                    <jats:italic>Ophiophagus hannah<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) was the intermediate host. This hypothesis was quickly ruled out and replaced by the pangolin (\n                    <jats:italic>Manis javanica<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) hypothesis. Yet, pangolin was also recently exonerated from SARS-CoV-2 transmission to humans, leaving other animal species as presumed guilty. Guided by the spillover model, several laboratories investigated\n                    <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                    the species polymorphism of the angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to find the best fits with the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding site. Following the same strategy, we used multi-sequence alignment, 3-D structure analysis, and electrostatic potential surface generation of ACE2 variants to predict their binding capacity to SARS-CoV-2. We report evidence that such simple\n                    <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                    investigation is a powerful tool to quickly screen which species are potentially susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. However, possible receptor binding does not necessarily lead to successful replication in host. Therefore, we also discuss here the limitations of these\n                    <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                    approaches in our quest on the origins of COVID-19 pandemic.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.608765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T10:14:12Z","timestamp":1612952052000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Can ACE2 Receptor Polymorphism Predict Species Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Christian A.","family":"Devaux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucile","family":"Pinault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikram Omar","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Raoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China","volume":"382","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Engl J Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","article-title":"A novel coronavirus from patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019","volume":"382","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Engl J Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00223","article-title":"COVID-19: the conjunction of events leading to the coronavirus pandemic and lessons to learn for future threats","volume":"7","author":"Frutos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25722","article-title":"Understanding of COVID-19 based on current evidence","volume":"92","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30116-8","article-title":"Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection?","volume":"8","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26139","article-title":"Increasing Host Cellular Receptor\u2014Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Expression by Coronavirus may Facilitate 2019-nCoV (or SARS-CoV-2) Infection","author":"Zhuang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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