{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:23:01Z","timestamp":1789431781518,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is an important healthcare-associated infection caused by various nosocomial pathogens.\n                    <jats:italic>Candida parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    has emerged as a crucial causative agent for the CRBSI in the last two decades. Many factors have been associated with the development of CRBSI including, demography, pre-maturity, comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart diseases, neuropathy, respiratory diseases, renal dysfunction, hematological and solid organ malignancies, and intestinal dysfunction), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation (MV), total parenteral nutrition (TPN), prior antibiotic and\/or antifungal therapy, neutropenia, prior surgery, immunosuppressant, and type, site, number, and duration of catheters. This study aims to determine\n                    <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    CRBSI risk factors. A retrospective study has been performed in an 853-bedded tertiary-care hospital in north-eastern Malaysia. All inpatients with\n                    <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    positive blood cultures from January 2006 to December 2018 were included, and their medical records were reviewed using a standardized checklist. Out of 208 candidemia episodes, 177 had at least one catheter during admission, and 31 cases had not been catheterized and were excluded. Among the 177 cases, 30 CRBSI cases were compared to 147 non-CRBSI cases [81 bloodstream infections (BSIs), 66 catheter colonizers]. The significance of different risk factors was calculated using multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis of potential risk factors shows that ICU admission was significantly associated with non-CRBSI as compared to CRBSI [OR, 0.242; 95% CI (0.080\u20130.734);\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.012], and TPN was significantly positively associated with CRBSI than non-CRBSI [OR, 3.079; 95%CI (1.125\u20138.429);\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.029], while other risk factors were not associated significantly. Patients admitted in ICU were less likely to develop\n                    <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    CRBSI while patients receiving TPN were more likely to have\n                    <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    CRBSI when compared to the non-CRBSI group.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.631865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T03:02:28Z","timestamp":1628737348000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Risk Factors of Candida parapsilosis Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Dina Hussein","family":"Yamin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azlan","family":"Husin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azian","family":"Harun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2013.12.012","article-title":"Predictors and outcomes of Candida bloodstream infection: eight-year surveillance, western Saudi Arabia","volume":"21","author":"Al Thaqafi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0127534","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127534","article-title":"Clinical and therapeutic aspects of candidemia: a five year single centre study","volume":"10","author":"Bassetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.2623","article-title":"Epidemiology of Candida blood stream infections: experience of a tertiary care centre in North India","volume":"7","author":"Chander","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku540","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with candidaemia due to Candida parapsilosis sensu lato species at a medical centre in Taiwan, 2000-12","volume":"70","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S40160","article-title":"Epidemiology and risk factors for invasive candidiasis","volume":"10","author":"Yapar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-016-9997-3","article-title":"Nosocomial bloodstream infection due to Candida spp. in China: species distribution, clinical features, and outcomes","volume":"181","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1086\/321811","article-title":"Risk factors for candidal bloodstream infections in surgical intensive care unit patients: the NEMIS prospective multicenter study. 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