{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T08:28:56Z","timestamp":1770712136477,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003107","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Gesundheit","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003107","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> The influence of the working environment on the back health of employees is well-documented. Many companies have begun to offer employees access to services to promote back health. Factors affecting the use of these offers at the population level have received little investigation to date. The current study examined the socio-demographic factors, physical activity and health-related factors, and work-related factors associated with the use of offers of workplace health promotion for back health in Germany.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold> In the representative population-based cross-sectional survey \u201cGerman Health Update\u201d (GEDA 2014\/2015-EHIS) conducted by the Robert Koch Institute, 12,072 employees aged 18\u201364 years old were surveyed from November 2014 to July 2015 regarding the use of back health services in their companies. In addition to socio-demographic factors, the survey examined working hours, physical activity in leisure time, health awareness, and subjective complaints in the lower back or other chronic back problems in the last 12 months. The interaction of these factors with the utilization of back health services was tested using multiple logistic regression models.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Women used back health services more often than men (women: 25.5%; men: 18.1%). Female gender was associated with part-time employment (OR 0.72) and a strong to very strong level of health awareness (OR 1.40). Male gender was associated with age between 30 and 44 years (OR 1.99) and 45\u201364 years (OR 2.02), low socioeconomic status (OR 0.48), endurance activity of &amp;lt;2.5 h per week (OR 0.62), and absence of lower back pain or other chronic back conditions for the last 12 months (OR 0.48).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> The present study is the first to provide findings regarding the factors associated with the utilization of workplace health promotion to promote back health at the population level, and from the perspective of employees in Germany. The results revealed that the relevant factors for participating in offers differ for women and men. To reach more employees, workplace health promotion offers for back health should be designed specifically for each individual, considering gender and age, working hours, health awareness and behavior, and health state.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.638242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T05:52:04Z","timestamp":1618206724000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Factors in the Use of Workplace Health Promotion on Back Health. Results of the Survey \u201cGerman Health Update\u201d"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sophie","family":"Hermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Starker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raimund","family":"Geene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Wirksamkeit und Nutzen betrieblicher Pr\u00e4vention iga. Report 28. AOK-Bundesverband, BKK-Dachverband, e.V. Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung, Verband der Ersatzkassen, e.V. Initiative Gesundheit und Arbeit.","author":"Pieper","year":"2015"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.20.06004-9","article-title":"Manual handling of patients: role of kinesiophobia and catastrophizing in health workers with chronic low back pain","volume":"56","author":"Lecca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med."},{"key":"B3","first-page":"63","article-title":"Pr\u00e4vention von R\u00fcckenerkrankungen in der Arbeitswelt.","volume-title":"Chronische Krankheiten: betriebliche Strategien zur Gesundheitsf\u00f6rderung, Pr\u00e4vention und Wiedereingliederung. Fehlzeiten-Report 2006","author":"L\u00fchmann","year":"2007"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098673","article-title":"Role of kinesiophobia on pain, disability and quality of life in people suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review","volume":"53","author":"Luque-Suarez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.02.033","article-title":"Fear-avoidance beliefs-a moderator of treatment efficacy in patients with low back pain: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Wertli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"B6","volume-title":"Pr\u00e4ventionsbericht 2018. Leistungen der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung: Prim\u00e4rpr\u00e4vention und betriebliche Gesundheitsf\u00f6rderung. Berichtsjahr 2017","year":"2018"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-57388-4","volume-title":"Fehlzeiten-Report 2018","author":"Badura","year":"2018"},{"key":"B8","unstructured":"Luxembourg Declaration on Workplace Health Promotion in the European UnionENWHP2007"},{"key":"B9","volume-title":"Wirksamkeit und Nutzen arbeitsweltbezogener Gesundheitsf\u00f6rderung und Pr\u00e4vention. Zusammenstellung der wissenschaftlichen Evidenz f\u00fcr den Zeitraum 2012 bis 2018. Iga-Report 40","year":"2019"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69213-3_9","article-title":"Stellenwert und Nutzen betrieblicher Gesundheitsf\u00f6rderung aus Sicht der Arbeitnehmer","volume-title":"Fehlzeiten-Report 2008","author":"Zok","year":"2009"},{"key":"B11","volume-title":"R\u00fcckengesundheit in der Arbeitswelt: BdR-Manual zum Betrieblichen Gesundheitsmanagement in Theorie und Praxis. 1. Auflage","author":"Flothow","year":"2018"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2015-102992","article-title":"Effectiveness of workplace interventions in the prevention of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders and symptoms: an update of the evidence","volume":"73","author":"van Eerd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med."},{"key":"B13","unstructured":"WiesbadenStBABev\u00f6lkerung und Erwerbst\u00e4tigkeit. Erwerbsbeteiligung der Bev\u00f6lkerung. Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus zum Arbeitsmarkt2019"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.25646\/3041.8","article-title":"Prevention programmes \u2013 who takes part?","author":"Jordan","year":"2012","journal-title":"GBE kompakt."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1177\/0890117118758235","article-title":"Elements of a workplace culture of health, perceived organizational support for health, and lifestyle risk","volume":"32","author":"Payne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Health Promot."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-014-1012-z","article-title":"Prevalence and development of workplace health promotion in Germany: results of the IAB Establishment Panel 2012","volume":"88","author":"Hollederer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1515\/pubhef-2018-0034","article-title":"Implementierung von Betrieblicher Gesundheitsf\u00f6rderung und Betrieblichem Gesundheitsmanagement - Bedingungen und Herausforderungen","volume":"26","author":"Faller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Health Forum."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1386854","article-title":"Wovon h\u00e4ngt die Verbreitung unterschiedlicher Niveaus betrieblicher Gesundheitsf\u00f6rderung ab? Vertiefende Analysen der repr\u00e4sentativen Arbeitgeberbefragung 2011 f\u00fcr die GDA-dachevaluation","author":"Beck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gesundheitswesen."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s11553-008-0154-9","article-title":"Zielgruppenorientierung und betriebliche Gesundheitsf\u00f6rderung","volume":"4","author":"N\u00f6hammer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Praev Gesundheitsf."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02078422","article-title":"Geschlechtsspezifische Inanspruchnahme medizinischer Hilfe. Ergebnisse der M\u00fcnchner Blutdruckstudie","volume":"33","author":"H\u00e4rtel","year":"1988","journal-title":"Soz Praventivmed."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-017-0798-z","article-title":"Gender influence on health and risk behavior in primary prevention: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Hiller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Z Gesundh Wiss."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Doc07","DOI":"10.3205\/psm000085","article-title":"The influence of social determinants on the use of prevention and health promotion services: results of a systematic literature review","volume":"9","author":"Jan\u00dfen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychosoc Med."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0820-3584","article-title":"Geschlechterspezifische Inanspruchnahme von Gesundheitsleistungen in einer urbanen Erwachsenenpopulation","volume":"82","author":"Keil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gesundheitswesen."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-211-68290-6","volume-title":"Gender Medizin: Geschlechtsspezifische Aspekte f\u00fcr die klinische Praxis. Zweite, \u00fcberarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage","author":"Rieder","year":"2008"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.25646\/6401","article-title":"Utilisation of canteens offering healthy food choices as part of workplace health promotion in Germany","volume":"5","author":"Jordan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Health Monitoring."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1341446","article-title":"Gesundheitliche ungleichheit bei erwerbst\u00e4tigen m\u00e4nnern und frauen - ergebnisse der GEDA-studie (2010)","volume":"75","author":"Kroll","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gesundheitswesen."},{"key":"B27","volume-title":"Frauen und M\u00e4nner am Arbeitsmarkt: Traditionelle Erwerbs- und Arbeitszeitmuster sind nach wie vor verbreitet, IAB-Kurzbericht, No.4\/2015","author":"Wanger","year":"2015"},{"key":"B28","volume-title":"Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory","author":"Bandura","year":"1986"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phf.2011.06.012","article-title":"Gesundheitsf\u00f6rderung f\u00fcr Un- und Angelernte: ReSuM","volume":"19","author":"Busch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Public Health Forum."},{"key":"B30","first-page":"34","article-title":"Verhalten und Gesundheit.","volume-title":"Handbuch der Gesundheitspsychologie und Medizinischen Psychologie","author":"Reuter","year":"2009"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-017-0208-6","article-title":"Implementation of the European health interview survey (EHIS) into the German health update (GEDA)","volume":"75","author":"Lange","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Public Health."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.17886\/RKI-GBE-2017-012","article-title":"Gesundheit in Deutschland aktuell \u2013 Neue Daten f\u00fcr Deutschland und Europa. Hintergrund und Studienmethodik von GEDA 2014\/2015-EHIS","volume":"2","author":"Sa\u00df","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Health Monitor"},{"key":"B33","volume-title":"Einsch\u00e4tzungen der Erwerbsbev\u00f6lkerung zum Stellenwert der Arbeit, zur Verbreitung und Akzeptanz von betrieblicher Pr\u00e4vention und zur krankheitsbedingten Beeintr\u00e4chtigung der Arbeit\u22122007. Iga-Report 12. Iga-Barometer 2. Welle.","author":"B\u00f6deker","year":"2008"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-08791-3_31","article-title":"Gesundheitsf\u00f6rderung bei F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4ften und Besch\u00e4ftigten in Klein(st)betrieben des Gastgewerbes und des Handwerks.","volume-title":"Exploring Demographics","author":"Alaze","year":"2015"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12898-1_22","article-title":"Geschlechtsspezifische Differenzierung von BGF-Konzepten.","volume-title":"Fehlzeiten-Report 2010","author":"K\u00f6per","year":"2010"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-6-26","article-title":"Determinants of participation in worksite health promotion programmes: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Robroek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.17886\/RKI-GBE-2017-027","article-title":"Gesundheitsf\u00f6rdernde k\u00f6rperliche Aktivit\u00e4t in der Freizeit bei Erwachsenen in Deutschland","volume":"2","author":"Finger","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Health Monitor."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-015-0110-z","article-title":"Development of the European Health Interview Survey \u2013 Physical Activity Questionnaire (EHIS-PAQ) to monitor physical activity in the European Union","volume":"73","author":"Finger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Public Health."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)31009-2","article-title":"Health consciousness and health behavior: the application of a new health consciousness scale","volume":"6","author":"Gould","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2010.01128.x","article-title":"Are lower response rates hazardous to your health survey? An analysis of three state telephone health surveys","volume":"45","author":"Davern","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Serv Res."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-006-9019-8","article-title":"25-year trends and socio demographic differences in response rates: Finnish adult health behaviour survey","volume":"21","author":"Tolonen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1387744","article-title":"Betriebliche Gesundheitsf\u00f6rderung in deutschland: verbreitung und inanspruchnahme","volume":"78","author":"Beck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ergebnisse der BIBB\/BAuA-Erwerbst\u00e4tigenbefragungen 2006 und. 2012 Gesundheitswesen."},{"key":"B43","first-page":"151","article-title":"Die Wirksamkeit von Pr\u00e4ventionsma\u00dfnahmen aus der Sicht der Bev\u00f6lkerung","volume-title":"Gesundheitsmonitor 2015: B\u00fcrgerorientierung im Gesundheitswesen - Kooperationsprojekt der Bertelsmann Stiftung und der BARMER GEK. 1. Aufl","author":"Kuhn","year":"2015"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-531-91643-9","volume-title":"Gesundheitliche Ungleichheit","author":"Richter","year":"2009"},{"key":"B45","first-page":"24","article-title":"Theorien der Krankheitspr\u00e4vention und des Gesundheitsverhaltens.","volume-title":"Lehrbuch Pr\u00e4vention und Gesundheitsf\u00f6rderung. 3. Aufl","author":"Kryspin-Exner","year":"2010"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-015-2275-6","article-title":"Soziale Ungleichheit und Gesundheit: Stand und Perspektiven der sozialepidemiologischen Forschung in Deutschland","volume":"59","author":"Lampert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz."},{"key":"B47","first-page":"521","article-title":"Sozial-kognitives Prozessmodell des Gesundheitsverhaltens","volume-title":"Bundeszentrale f\u00fcr gesundheitliche Aufkl\u00e4rung (BZgA)","author":"Seibt","year":"2011"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s11556-010-0066-5","article-title":"Socio-economic patterns of sport demand and ageing","volume":"7","author":"Breuer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Rev Aging Phys Act."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2021.638242\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T05:52:35Z","timestamp":1618206755000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2021.638242\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2021.638242"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2021.638242","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]]},"article-number":"638242"}}