{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:12:37Z","timestamp":1777641157264,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> The health crisis associated with the COVID-19 pandemic is causally linked to negative mental health symptoms in the same way as other diseases such as Ebola.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> The purpose of this paper is to describe the relationship between mental health symptoms, binge drinking, and the experience of abuse during the COVID-19 lockdown.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method:<\/jats:bold> We surveyed 9,361 participants, all Mexican, with an average age of 33 years old (<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> = 10.86). In this group of people, we found out that 59% were single (5,523), 71% were women (6,693). Forty-six percentage were complying with lockdown procedures (4,286), 50% were partially complying (4,682), and 4% were not complying at all (393). The invitation to participate was open from April 24th to April 30th during the second stage of the pandemic in Mexico, in 2020, characterized by voluntary complete lockdown staying at home. Thus, we used a cross-sectional online survey design to assess mental health risk factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey was available on a WebApp designed by Linux<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>, PHP<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>, HTML<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>, CSS<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>, and JavaScript<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>. We calculated descriptive and inferential analysis to describe the mental health average distribution as a function of the lockdown, binge drinking, and experience of abuse. To calculate the reliability and validation of the subscales, we used Cronbach's Alpha and Factor Loading. We run the confirmatory factor loading analysis, and we described the relationship between each latent variable and its item factor load, obtained through structural modeling equations, derived from 179 iterations and 207 parameters (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>[1,171]<\/jats:sub> = 28,079.418, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). We got a CFI of 0.947, a TLC of 0.940, an RMSEA of 0.049 (0.049\u20130.050), and an SRMR of 0.048.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Findings:<\/jats:bold> The results indicated that reported attitudes such as avoidance, sadness, withdrawal, anger, and anxiety were associated with acute stress, which was linked to an anxiety condition caused by uncertainty about achieving or maintaining overall good health.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Discussion and Prospects:<\/jats:bold> People in lockdown mentioned a sudden increase in alcohol consumption. They lived episodes of physical and emotional abuse, in contrast with those who stated that they did not go into lockdown or consume alcohol, or experienced abuse.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Limitations:<\/jats:bold> Further studies should diagnose mental health conditions as part of the impact of COVID-19, ensure their follow-up, and assess the effect of providing remote psychological care. There is a need to explore methods to curb the increase in the number of people affected by post-traumatic stress disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.656036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T05:07:27Z","timestamp":1626930447000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Mental Health Symptoms, Binge Drinking, and the Experience of Abuse During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Mexico"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Morales Chain\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"L\u00f3pez Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Bosch Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Beristain Aguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebeca","family":"Robles Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Rodrigo","family":"Garibay Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia Iveth","family":"Astudillo Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isaura Ang\u00e9lica","family":"Lira Ch\u00e1vez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Gudelia","family":"Rangel G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"2020"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"2020"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30797-0","article-title":"The intersection of COVID-19 and mental health","volume":"20","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30203-0","article-title":"Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"7","author":"Rogers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry."},{"key":"B5","volume-title":"El concepto de afrontamiento en estr\u00e9s y procesos cognitivos","author":"Lazarus","year":"1984"},{"key":"B6","volume-title":"Estr\u00e9s y Procesos Cognitivos","author":"Lazarus","year":"1986"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.03.007","article-title":"Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control","volume":"88","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun."},{"key":"B8","volume-title":"The Stress of Life","author":"Selye","year":"1956"},{"key":"B9","first-page":"78","article-title":"Estr\u00e9s, s\u00edndrome general de adaptaci\u00f3n o reacci\u00f3n general de alarma","volume":"17","author":"De Camargo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Revista M\u00e9dico Cient"},{"key":"B10","first-page":"99","article-title":"An\u00e1lisis de datos del instrumento de tamizaje (Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda, UNAM)","volume-title":"Acciones en el marco de la respuesta frente al sismo del 19 de Septiembre de 2017. 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