{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:35:32Z","timestamp":1790116532004,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]],"date-time":"2021-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009874","name":"Regione Autonoma Friuli Venezia Giulia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009874","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>More than 60% of the 1,700 infectious diseases that affect human come from animals and zoonotic pandemics, after starting from sporadic phenomena limited to rural areas, have become a global emergency. The repeated and frequent zoonotic outbreaks such as the most recent COVID-19 pandemic can be attributed also to human activities. In particular, the creation of enormous intensive domestic animal farms, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, the destruction of forests, the consumption of the meat of wild animals and the illegal animal trade are all factors causing the insurgence and the transmission of zoonotic diseases from animals to humans. The purpose of this study was to explore the knowledge of the One Health concept including the zoonotic risk potentially derived from illegally traded pet animals and wildlife among adolescents in 6 different countries (Italy, Austria, Slovenia, Germany, Mauritius, and Japan). A representative sample of 656 students was recruited and all participants took an anonymous questionnaire. Data were analyzed by ANOVAs to estimate the prevalence of correct health prevention behaviors and to identify the influential factors for these behaviors. After two theoretical-practical lectures, the same anonymous questionnaire was administered for the second time in order to assess the efficacy of the program. The proportion of students who did not know that many diseases affecting humans come from animals is 28.96% while 32.16% of them did not know what a zoonosis is. The circularity of the One Health concept related to the transmission of diseases from animals to humans and vice-versa is not understood from a large prevalence of the adolescents with 31.40 and 59.91% of wrong responses, respectively. Furthermore, rabies is not considered as a dangerous disease by 23.02% of the adolescents. After two theoretical-practical classroom sessions, the correct answers improved to 21.92% according to the different question. More than a third of the student cohort investigated showed a profound ignorance of the zoonotic risks and a poor understanding of the One Health concept. The authors believe that the teaching of health prevention with a One Health approach and a practical training should be included in every school curriculum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.658876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]],"date-time":"2021-03-30T05:00:30Z","timestamp":1617080430000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["What Do Adolescents Know About One-Health and Zoonotic Risks? A School-Based Survey in Italy, Austria, Germany, Slovenia, Mauritius, and Japan"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Paolo","family":"Zucca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Christin","family":"Rossmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitja","family":"Dodic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yashwantrao","family":"Ramma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiya","family":"Matsushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Seet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Holtze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Bremini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Fischinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Morosetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Sitzia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Furlani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oronzo","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Meddi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Zambotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiola","family":"Meo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Pulcini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manlio","family":"Palei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianna","family":"Zamaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"Scrolling Forward: Making Sense of Documents in the Digital Age","author":"Levy","year":"2001"},{"key":"B2","article-title":"The Shallows","volume-title":"What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains","author":"Carr","year":"2010"},{"key":"B3","unstructured":"How users read on the web\n            NielsenJ\n          1997"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2001.0889","article-title":"Diseases of humans and their domestic mammals: pathogen characteristics, host range and the risk of emergence","volume":"356","author":"Cleaveland","year":"2001","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc London B Biol Sci"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.3133\/cir1285","article-title":"Disease emergence and resurgence: the wildlife-human connection","volume":"1285","author":"Friend","year":"2006"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61678-X","article-title":"Ecology of zoonoses: natural and unnatural histories","volume":"380","author":"Karesh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.13140\/RG.2.2.16949.50408\/1","article-title":"The Zoonosecene: the new geological epoch of intensive breeding, of wildlife trade, of antibiotic resistance and of pandemic diseases, following the Anthropocene","volume":"11","author":"Zucca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Platinum."},{"key":"B8","unstructured":"Notes on the role of wildlife in the epidemiology of zoonoses \/ GMorosetti and S. Mol\u00e91992"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0004957","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004957","article-title":"A unified framework for the infection dynamics of zoonotic spillover and spread","volume":"10","author":"Lo Iacono","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B10","unstructured":"A Tripartite Guide to Addressing Zoonotic Diseases in Countries2019"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.021","article-title":"Emerging pandemic diseases how we got to COVID-19","volume":"182","author":"Morens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Sep"},{"key":"B12","article-title":"Biodefense pathogens. In: Proceedings of Bio-crime conference The integration of the One Health approach in Veterinary public health and education","author":"Osorio","year":"2018"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"azaa084","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azaa084","article-title":"Wildlife trade and COVID-19: towards a criminology of anthropogenic pathogen spillover","volume":"2020","author":"Beirne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Criminol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/msj.20139","article-title":"The bushmeat trade: increased opportunities for transmission of zoonotic disease","volume":"76","author":"Karesh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mount Sinai J Med."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1012.040707","article-title":"Wildlife as source of zoonotic infections","volume":"10","author":"Kruse","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12489","article-title":"Ecosystem change and zoonoses in the Anthropocene","volume":"65","author":"McMahon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2016.04.007","article-title":"Global patterns of zoonotic disease in mammals","volume":"32","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"B18","unstructured":"How this Canadian start-up spotted coronavirus before everyone else knew about it\n            StiegC\n          2020"},{"key":"B19","unstructured":"Anticipate outbreaks2021"},{"key":"B20","unstructured":"One Health2021"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20160168","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0168","article-title":"One Health contributions towards more effective and equiTable le approaches to health in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"372","author":"Cleaveland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc London Ser B Biol Sci"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf,.2018.06.001","article-title":"Zoonoses under our noses","volume":"21","author":"Cross","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb Infect"},{"key":"B23","unstructured":"One Health initiative\n            KhanLH\n            KaplanB\n            MonathTP\n            WoodallJ\n            ContiLA\n          2018"},{"key":"B24","unstructured":"Zoonotic Disease2021"},{"key":"B25","article-title":"The Open Classroom Reader, Page xix","author":"Silberman","year":"1973"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593683","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.593683","article-title":"The Bio-Crime Model of cross-border cooperation among veterinary public health, justice, law enforcements, and customs to tackle the illegal animal trade\/bio-terrorism and to prevent the spread of zoonotic diseases among human population","volume":"7","author":"Zucca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-81232010000700057","article-title":"Perception of the zoonosis and responsible pet care by the parents from public schools kindergarten located at metropolitan region of Recife, northeast of Brazil","volume":"15","author":"Lima","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ciencia and saude coletiva"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1533-2","article-title":"Parasitic zoonoses associated with dogs and cats: a survey of Portuguese pet owners' awareness and deworming practices","volume":"9","author":"Pereira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"B29","unstructured":"SARS-CoV-2 mink-associated variant strain \u2013 DenmarkDisease Outbreak News: Update2020"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2021.658876\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T15:17:49Z","timestamp":1617203869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2021.658876\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2021.658876"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2021.658876","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]]},"article-number":"658876"}}