{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:21:30Z","timestamp":1790709690298,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":183,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]],"date-time":"2021-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Leishmaniasis is one of the most common vector-borne parasitic diseases in Iran.\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    species identification is necessary for epidemiological aspects, precise prognosis, control and treatment of the disease. We systematically searched all the studies, reports, and documentation related to species identification and geographical distribution of causative agents of cutaneous (CL), mucosal (ML), and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) using DNA-based molecular diagnostic techniques in Iran. International databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science were systemically searched for English articles and Iran's databases including SID, IranMedex and Magiran were searched for Persian reports and articles. Searches were performed from 1999 to 2019 (20 years). The current review was conducted using the keywords: cutaneous leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis,\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, Human, Molecular, PCR, and Iran. The study quality was evaluated using the NOS checklist. This meta-analysis procedure was accomplished using STATA, version 2.7.9. Of the 3,426 records identified in the initial search, 154 articles met inclusion criteria and qualified for the systematic review and meta-analysis. In subgroup analysis, the pooled frequency of causative agents of CL isolates was 67.3% (95% CI: 59.51\u201374.67%) for\n                    <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 32.1% (95% CI: 24.72\u201339.87%) for\n                    <jats:italic>L. tropica<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In addition, the pooled frequency of causative agents of VL isolates was 97.1% (95% CI: 94.6\u201398.8%) for\n                    <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 2.9% (95% CI: 1.12\u20135.37%) for\n                    <jats:italic>L. tropica<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The findings of this study showed that the main causative agents of CL and VL in Iran are\n                    <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively. Moreover, kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) and internal transcriber spacer (ITS) were the most used markers for identifying\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    species. The current study provides valuable data to encourage and direct researchers as well as public health managers in the comprehensive leishmaniasis control and prevention planning in Iran.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.661674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]],"date-time":"2021-06-25T02:17:35Z","timestamp":1624587455000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The Geographical Distribution of Human Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmania Species Identified by Molecular Methods in Iran: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Homa","family":"Hajjaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Saberi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Borjian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Fakhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Abdollah","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajjad","family":"Ghodrati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Mohebali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4506-1","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis a neglected tropical disease: community knowledge, attitude and practices in an endemic area, Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"19","author":"Tamiru","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.004","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: current situation and new 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