{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:08:37Z","timestamp":1772251717681,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1176356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1176356"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    In Pakistan, the cases of COVID-19 have declined from 6000 per day in June to 600 in September 2020. A significant number of patients continue to recover from the disease, however, little is known about the lung function capacity among survivors. We aim to determine the long-term impact on lung function capacity in patients who have survived moderate or severe COVID-19 disease in a resource-poor setting.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This prospective cohort study will be conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi Pakistan. Patients 15 years and above who have survived an episode of moderate or severe COVID-19, have reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive for COVID 19 (nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal) will be included. Patients with a pre-existing diagnosis of obstructive or interstitial lung disease, lung fibrosis, lung cancers, connective tissue disorders, autoimmune conditions affecting the lungs, underlying heart disease, history of syncope and those who refuse to participate will be excluded from the study. Pulmonary function will be assessed using spirometry and diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) at 3- and 6-months interval from the time of discharge from the hospital. Additionally, a chest X-ray and CT-chest will be performed if clinically indicated after consultation with the study pulmonologist or Infectious Disease (ID) physician. Echocardiogram (ECHO) will be performed to look for pulmonary hypertension at the 3 month visit and repeated at 6 months in case any abnormality is identified in the initial ECHO. Data analysis will be performed using standard statistical software. The study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee (ERC) of the institution (ERC reference number 2020-4735-11311).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Strengths and Limitations of the Study:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This cohort study will provide evidence on the long-term impact on lung function among COVID-19 survivors with moderate to severe disease. Such data will be key in understanding the impact of the disease on vital functions and will help devise rehabilitative strategies to best overcome the effects of disease. However, this will be a single-center, study recruiting only a limited number of COVID-19 survivors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.663076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T04:41:01Z","timestamp":1638852061000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Long Term Impact on Lung Function of Patients With Moderate and Severe COVID-19. A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sonia","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nosheen","family":"Nasir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naveed","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naveed","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoya","family":"Haq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farah","family":"Qamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"WHO Announces COVID-19 Outbreak a Pandemic","year":"2020"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"2020"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m641","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m641","article-title":"Coronavirus: covid-19 has killed more people than SARS and MERS combined, despite lower case fatality rate","volume":"368","author":"Mahase","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br Med J Publ Group."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2020.05.010","article-title":"The global impact of the coronavirus pandemic","volume":"53","author":"Hiscott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"2020"},{"key":"B6","article-title":"\u201cWork from home, ban on indoor weddings,\u201d fresh Covid restrictions issued","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"The express tribune."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study","volume":"395","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus\u2013infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China","volume":"323","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000744","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus cases in tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province","volume":"133","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin Med J."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.19.20054262","article-title":"Pulmonary post-mortem findings in a series of COVID-19 cases from northern Italy: a two-centre descriptive study","volume":"20","author":"Carsana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-01385-1","article-title":"The pulmonary sequalae in discharged patients with COVID-19: a short-term observational study","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Res."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000547","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01227-2020","article-title":"Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with Covid-19 in China: a Nationwide Analysis","volume":"55","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"key":"B13","volume-title":"Clinical Management of COVID-19: Interim Guidance, 27 May 2020","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2021.663076\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T04:41:09Z","timestamp":1638852069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2021.663076\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"references-count":13,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2021.663076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2021.663076","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.01.06.21249312","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"article-number":"663076"}}