{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:04:26Z","timestamp":1791821066924,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> We performed a meta-analysis to systematically review the risk factors of mortality from non-HIV-related <jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic> pneumonia (PcP) and provide the theoretical basis for managing non-HIV-related PcP.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and CNKI databases were searched. A meta-analysis of the risk factors of mortality from non-HIV-related PcP was conducted.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> A total of 19 studies and 1,310 subjects were retrieved and included in the meta-analysis, including 485 and 825 patients in the non-survivor and survivor groups, respectively. In the primary analysis, age, concomitant with other pulmonary diseases at diagnosis of PcP, solid tumors, cytomegalovirus(CMV) co-infection, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocyte count, invasive ventilation during hospitalization, and pneumothorax were associated with mortality from non-HIV-related PcP, whereas sex, albumin, PcP prophylaxis, use of corticosteroids after admission, and time from onset of symptoms to treatment were not associated with mortality from non-HIV-related PcP.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> The mortality rate of non-HIV-infected patients with PcP was still high. Age, concomitant with other pulmonary diseases at diagnosis of PcP, solid tumors, CMV co-infection, LDH, lymphocyte count, invasive ventilation during hospitalization, and pneumothorax were risk factors of mortality from non-HIV-related PcP. Improved knowledge of prognostic factors is crucial to guide early treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.680108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T05:28:40Z","timestamp":1623821320000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Risk Factors of Mortality From Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Non-HIV Patients: A 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