{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:12:00Z","timestamp":1787310720080,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]],"date-time":"2021-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccines became available in December 2020, increasingly more surveys were organized to examine the acceptance of vaccination, while most of them were conducted online. This study aimed to explore the difference between online and traditional on-site surveys in terms of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. From November to December 2020, an online survey (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 2013) and an on-site survey (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 4,316) were conducted simultaneously in China. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify influencing factors of acceptance, and propensity score matching (PSM) was adopted to balance the outcomes. As a result, 90.0% of the online respondents accepted COVID-19 vaccination, while it was only 82.1% in the on-site survey. After applying PSM, the acceptance rate of the on-site survey was declined to 78.6%. The age structure, residence location, education, and health status were observed as important factors in addressing vaccination acceptance, which needed to be specifically considered when designing online surveys.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.760388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:02:11Z","timestamp":1638316931000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination Under Different Methods of Investigation: Based on Online and On-Site Surveys in China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yun","family":"Lyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaozhen","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaochen","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haijun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rize","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huangyufei","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard"},{"key":"B3","unstructured":"Overview of the COVID-19 Pandemic"},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"WHO COVID-19 Weekly Operational Update"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30388-0","article-title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer deaths due to delays in diagnosis in England, UK: a national, population-based, modelling study","volume":"21","author":"Maringe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"B6","unstructured":"Draft Landscape of COVID-19 Candidate Vaccines"},{"key":"B7","unstructured":"Updates on COVID-19 Vaccines Development"},{"key":"B8","unstructured":"Draft Landscape and Tracker of COVID-19 Candidate Vaccines"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8030482","article-title":"Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic in China","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.08.23.20180307","article-title":"A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine","volume":"27","author":"Lazarus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0008961","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008961","article-title":"Understanding COVID-19 vaccine demand and hesitancy: a nationwide online survey in China","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"B12","volume-title":"Now, We Have It. Will We Use It? New Results From ECOS on the Willingness to be Vaccinated Against COVID-19.","author":"Neumann-Bhme","year":"2021"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.09.041","article-title":"Intention to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial and to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in France during the pandemic","volume":"38","author":"Detoc","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B14","unstructured":"COVID-19 Situation Update Worldwide, as of Week 40, updated 14 October 2021"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368504211019854","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504211019854","article-title":"COVID-19 pandemic: a review of the global lockdown its far-reaching effects","volume":"104","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Prog"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01698-4","article-title":"Impact of lockdown on COVID-19 epidemic in \u00cele-de-France and possible exit strategies","volume":"18","author":"Di","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625778","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.625778","article-title":"COVID-19: rethinking the lockdown groupthink","volume":"9","author":"Joffe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02501-x","article-title":"Impact of lockdown on COVID-19 case fatality rate and viral mutations spread in 7 countries in Europe and North America","volume":"18","author":"Pachetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-020-0766-9","article-title":"COVID-19 containment: China provides important lessons for global response","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-020-00716-0","article-title":"China's practice to prevent and control COVID-19 in the context of large population movement","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30421-9","article-title":"COVID-19 control in China during mass population movements at New Year","volume":"395","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2304","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072304","article-title":"Response to the COVID-19 epidemic: the chinese experience and implications for other countries","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30800-8","article-title":"China's successful control of COVID-19","volume":"20","author":"Burki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E13","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.4.2.e13","article-title":"Using the internet for surveys and health research","volume":"4","author":"Eysenbach","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781529799651","volume-title":"Web Survey Methodology","author":"Callegaro","year":"2015"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781506335186","volume-title":"Conducting Online Surveys","author":"Sue","year":"2012"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.02.060","article-title":"Willingness to pay and financing preferences for COVID-19 vaccination in China","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(83)90023-9","article-title":"Protection motivation and self-efficacy: a revised theory of fear appeals and attitude change","volume":"19","author":"Maddux","year":"1983","journal-title":"Exp Soc Psychol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.07.080","article-title":"Does receipt of seasonal influenza vaccine predict intention to receive novel H1N1 vaccine: evidence from a nationally representative survey of U","volume":"27","author":"Maurer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03399.x","article-title":"Acceptance of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza vaccination by the Australian public","volume":"192","author":"Eastwood","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19437","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.14.49.19437-en","article-title":"Public perceptions in relation to intention to receive pandemic influenza vaccination in a random population sample: evidence from a cross-sectional telephone survey","volume":"14","author":"Sypsa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41","article-title":"The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects","volume":"70","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2011.540475","article-title":"A systematic review of propensity score methods in the social sciences","volume":"46","author":"Thoemmes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Multivariate Behav Res"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1985.10479383","article-title":"Constructing a control group using multivariate matched sampling methods that incorporate the propensity score","volume":"39","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am Stat."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.6004\/jadpro.2015.6.2.9","article-title":"Understanding and evaluating survey research","volume":"6","author":"Ponto","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Adv Practition Oncol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334419848734","article-title":"Conducting online surveys","volume":"35","author":"Ball","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hum Lact"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1093\/swr\/34.2.122","article-title":"Conducting an internet-based survey: benefits, pitfalls, and lessons learned","volume":"34","author":"Alessi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc Work Res."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327590IJHC1602","article-title":"Electronic survey methodology: a case study in reaching hard-to-involve internet users","volume":"16","author":"Andrews","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Hum Comput Interact."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1126\/science.351.6277.1014","article-title":"Survey fraud test sparks battle","volume":"351","author":"Bohannon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9010016","article-title":"Confidence and receptivity for COVID-19 vaccines: a rapid systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-020-00675-8","article-title":"Mistrust in biomedical research and vaccine hesitancy: the forefront challenge in the battle against COVID-19 in Italy","volume":"35","author":"Palamenghi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2020.1790279","article-title":"The use of the health belief model to assess predictors of intent to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and willingness to pay","volume":"16","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Vaccines Immunother"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00381","article-title":"Acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine in Southeast Asia: a cross-sectional study in Indonesia","volume":"8","author":"Harapan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.26419","article-title":"National trends in the US public's likelihood of getting a COVID-19 vaccine-April 1 to December 8, 2020","volume":"325","author":"Szilagyi","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1086\/318641","article-title":"Review: web surveys: a review of issues and approaches","volume":"64","author":"Couper","year":"2000","journal-title":"Public Opin Q"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-020-01138-0","article-title":"Going web or staying paper? The use of web-surveys among older people","volume":"20","author":"Kelfve","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"B47","volume-title":"Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches","author":"Bernard","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2021.760388\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T20:02:59Z","timestamp":1673899379000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2021.760388\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2021.760388"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2021.760388","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]]},"article-number":"760388"}}