{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T15:26:34Z","timestamp":1788276394729,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Male urethral stricture is a disease with a high incidence rate. With social-economic development in the developing countries, the trend of etiology and treatment of male urethral stricture changed was speculated.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> The clinical data of the male patients with urethral stricture from 2000 to 2019 were analyzed. The subjects were divided into Group A (2000\u20132009) and Group B (2010\u20132019) according to treatment time. The pooled analysis of the data extracted from pieces of literature was also performed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> About 540 patients were included in the present study, including 235 patients in Group A and 305 patients in Group B. In recent 10 years, trauma has still been the main cause of urethral stricture. Iatrogenic injury, especially transurethral operation, increases significantly, while male urethral stricture secondary to radiotherapy and infection decrease. Urethroplasty increases and the reoperation rate decreases in treating simple urethral stricture, and flap urethroplasty also increases in treating complex urethral stricture. The results of a pooled analysis of data from 11 centers in Mainland China are partially consistent with it. Complications, such as urethral fistula, false canal, ejaculation disorder, and penile curvature, decrease significantly.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> The main causes of urethral stricture in the recent 10 years are still trauma and iatrogenic injuries, and the etiology of urethral stricture is related to socioeconomic development. With the increase of intracavitary minimally invasive treatment and flap urethroplasty, the curative effect is increasing, while iatrogenic urethral stricture cannot be ignored.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.794451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T07:08:04Z","timestamp":1640329684000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Changing Trend in Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Male Patients With Urethral Stricture Over the Past 10 Years in China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mao","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mou","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizhi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunhua","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinhuai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sxmr.2017.09.002","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction in urethral reconstruction: a review of the literature","volume":"6","author":"Benson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex Med Rev."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7826085","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7826085","article-title":"Excision and primary anastomosis for bulbar urethral strictures improves functional outcomes and quality of life: a prospective analysis from a single centre","volume":"2019","author":"D'hulst","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12945","article-title":"Changing trends in the causes and management of male urethral stricture disease in China: an observational descriptive study from13centres","volume":"116","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)58109-4","article-title":"Complex traumatic posterior urethral strictures","volume":"118","author":"Turner-Warwick","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Urol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-019-0933-1","article-title":"Female urethral strictures: review of diagnosis, etiology, and management","volume":"20","author":"Agochukwu-Mmonu","year":"2019","journal-title":"CurrUrol Rep."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-019-02696-9","article-title":"Specific characteristics of urethral strictures in a developing country (Brazil)","volume":"37","author":"Astolfi","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Urol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2019.05.020","article-title":"Etiology and characteristics of pediatric urethral strictures in a developing country in the 21st century","volume":"15","author":"Ansari","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2019.01.046","article-title":"Trends in urethral stricture disease etiology and urethroplasty technique from a multi-institutional surgical outcomes research group","volume":"130","author":"Cotter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1159\/000444592","article-title":"Etiology and management of male iatrogenic urethral stricture: retrospective analysis of 172 cases in a single medical center","volume":"97","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urol Int."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2007.11.044","article-title":"Incidence of late rectal and urinary toxicities after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer","volume":"70","author":"Zelefsky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2018.6469","article-title":"Free bladder mucosa graft harvested by water-jet: A novel, minimally invasive technique for urethral reconstruction","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.05.030","article-title":"Urethral reconstruction using colonic mucosa graft for complex strictures","volume":"182","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acuroe.2021.07.004","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of urethroplasty based on age groups","volume":"45","author":"Favre","year":"2020","journal-title":"ActasUrolEsp"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajur.2019.01.001","article-title":"Lingual mucosal graft urethroplasty 12 years later: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Abrate","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian J Urol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E335","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.5863","article-title":"Characterization and outcomes of urethroplasty for hypospadias-associated urethral strictures in adults","volume":"13","author":"Saavedra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2021.794451\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T07:08:06Z","timestamp":1640329686000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2021.794451\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2021.794451"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2021.794451","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]]},"article-number":"794451"}}