{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:25:46Z","timestamp":1778631946414,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019018","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Initiative for Innovative Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-I2M-2-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-I2M-2-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019018","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91643208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91643208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015CB553402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015CB553402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFC0211703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC0211703"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>Previous studies suggested that exposure to air pollution could increase risk of asthma attacks in children. The aim of this study is to investigate the short-term effects of exposure to ambient air pollution on asthma hospital admissions in children in Beijing, a city with serious air pollution and high-quality medical care at the same time.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>We collected hospital admission data of asthma patients aged \u2264 18 years old from 56 hospitals from 2013 to 2016 in Beijing, China. Time-stratified case-crossover design and conditional Poisson regression were applied to explore the association between risk of asthma admission in children and the daily concentration of six air pollutants [particulate matter \u2264 2.5 \u03bcm (PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>), particulate matter \u2264 10 \u03bcm (PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>), sulfur dioxide (SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), nitrogen dioxide (NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>)], adjusting for meteorological factors and other pollutants. Additionally, stratified analyses were performed by age, gender, and season.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>In the single-pollutant models, higher levels of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>, SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>were significantly associated with increased risk of hospital admission for asthma in children. The strongest effect was observed in NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>at lag06 (<jats:italic>RR<\/jats:italic>= 1.25, 95%CI: 1.06-1.48), followed by SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>at lag05 (<jats:italic>RR<\/jats:italic>= 1.17, 95%CI: 1.05\u20131.31). The robustness of effects of SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>and NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>were shown in two-pollutant models. Stratified analyses further indicated that pre-school children (aged \u2264 6 years) were more susceptible to SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. The effects of SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>were stronger in the cold season, while the effects of NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>were stronger in the warm season. No significant sex-specific differences were observed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>These results suggested that high levels of air pollution had an adverse effect on childhood asthma, even in a region with high-quality healthcare. Therefore, it will be significant to decrease hospital admissions for asthma in children by controlling air pollution emission and avoiding exposure to air pollution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.798746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T07:05:31Z","timestamp":1639724731000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Increased Risk of Hospital Admission for Asthma in Children From Short-Term Exposure to Air Pollution: Case-Crossover Evidence From Northern 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