{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T12:40:46Z","timestamp":1793191246243,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous studies found that maternal shift work during pregnancy was associated with many reproductive hazards, including small for gestational age, preterm birth, stillbirth, and neurodevelopmental impairment. Some studies also showed that these children are more likely to become overweight in early childhood. However, the association with metabolic factors, such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, was less studied. Hence, we aimed to understand better the relationship between maternal shift work during pregnancy and the risk of childhood overweight and metabolic outcomes. Confounding factors were also discussed, including diet, exercise, and demographical factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We enrolled pregnant women before delivery in the Taiwan Birth Panel Study (TBPS) II conducted between 2010 and 2012, and followed the children of these participants in 2018. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of prenatal and postnatal factors on infant and early childhood health. During the follow-up in 2018, we checked children's demographic data, obtained blood specimens, and checked their blood sugar, blood insulin, and lipid profiles. Structured questionnaires were used to evaluate demographic data. Multiple linear and logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between maternal shift work during pregnancy and child overweight, metabolic disorders, such as HOMA-IR, and lipid profiles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we included 407 mother-children pairs with different work shifts (350 day workers and 57 shift workers), and a sub-population without underweight children was also created (290 day workers and 47 shift workers). Shift work during pregnancy was associated with a higher Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance index (HOMA-IR) and a higher odds ratio for overweight in children born from mothers doing shift work during pregnancy after adjustment. The findings were attenuated when we investigated the effect of shift work before pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study suggested that maternal shift work during pregnancy was associated with child overweight and insulin resistance in early childhood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1006332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T03:10:28Z","timestamp":1664507428000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Association between maternal shift work during pregnancy child overweight and metabolic outcomes in early childhood"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Che-Wei","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Fu","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei-Huei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wu-Shiun","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Chun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pau-Chung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-019-01434-3","article-title":"Leach LS. Shift work and mental health: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"92","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-013-0318-z","article-title":"Parents' nonstandard work schedules and child well-being: a critical review of the literature","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Prim Prev."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1177\/0730888403256055","article-title":"Race-ethnic and gender differences in nonstandard work shifts","volume":"30","author":"Presser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Work Occup."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22108","article-title":"Calvert GM. Prevalence rates of work organization characteristics among workers in the U.S.: data from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey","volume":"56","author":"Alterman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med."},{"key":"B5","volume-title":"Sixth European Working Conditions Survey","year":"2015"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.12-0286-OA","article-title":"Changes in psychosocial work conditions in Taiwanese employees by gender and age from 2001 to 2010","volume":"55","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Occup Health."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.58.1.68","article-title":"Health effects of shift work and extended hours of work","volume":"58","author":"Harrington","year":"2001","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3146","article-title":"Sigstad Lie JA. Shift and night work and long working hours\u2014a systematic review of safety implications","volume":"37","author":"Wagstaff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2017.1367305","article-title":"Christiani DC. Updating the \u201cRisk Index\u201d: A systematic review and meta-analysis of occupational injuries and work schedule characteristics","volume":"34","author":"Fischer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2019.07.006","article-title":"Shift work and risk of occupational, transport and leisure-time injury. A register-based case-crossover study of Danish hospital workers","volume":"120","author":"Nielsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saf Sci."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2012.02.002","article-title":"Wyatt JK. Shift work and the assessment and management of shift work disorder (SWD)","volume":"17","author":"Wright KP","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.11.013","article-title":"van Kerkhof LWM. The relationship between shift work and metabolic risk factors: a systematic review of longitudinal studies","volume":"50","author":"Proper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i5210","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i5210","article-title":"Axelsson J. Health consequences of shift work and insufficient sleep","volume":"355","author":"Kecklund","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102150","article-title":"Shift work and diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"72","author":"Gan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4800","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e4800","article-title":"Shift work and vascular events: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"345","author":"Vyas","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(07)70373-X","article-title":"Carcinogenicity of shift-work, painting, and fire-fighting","volume":"8","author":"Straif","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/95.11.825","article-title":"Night-shift work and risk of colorectal cancer in the nurses' health study","volume":"95","author":"Schernhammer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31655","article-title":"Rotating night shift work and colorectal cancer risk in the nurses' health studies","volume":"143","author":"Papantoniou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Cancer."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-018-0040-2","article-title":"Lunet N. Does the association of prostate cancer with night-shift work differ according to rotating vs. fixed schedule? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Mancio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000321","article-title":"Influence of shift work on early reproductive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"124","author":"Stocker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03066.x","article-title":"Ferrario MM. Shift work and pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review with meta-analysis of currently available epidemiological studies","volume":"118","author":"Bonzini","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJOG."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2012-101032","article-title":"Bonde JP. Work activities and risk of prematurity, low birth weight and pre-eclampsia: an updated review with meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Palmer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz045","article-title":"Association between maternal shift work and infant neurodevelopmental outcomes: results from the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study with propensity-score-matching analysis","volume":"48","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22267","article-title":"Night shift work before and during pregnancy and offspring weight outcomes through adolescence","volume":"26","author":"Strohmaier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18504","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018504","article-title":"Kennaway DJ. Chronic phase shifts of the photoperiod throughout pregnancy programs glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in the rat","volume":"6","author":"Varcoe","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0024","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Cornier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01858.x","article-title":"Shaw J. Metabolic syndrome\u2014a new world-wide definition. A consensus statement from the international diabetes federation","volume":"23","author":"Alberti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabet Med."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60958-1","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents","volume":"369","author":"Zimmet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0581","article-title":"Arslanian SA. Are obesity-related metabolic risk factors modulated by the degree of insulin resistance in adolescents?","volume":"29","author":"Bacha","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05488","article-title":"Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome","volume":"444","author":"Despr\u00e9s","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-1326.2002.00236.x","article-title":"Ballantyne CM. Impact of weight loss on the metabolic syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Case","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66378-7","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome","volume":"365","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312303292703","article-title":"Insulin resistance and insulin secretory dysfunction as precursors of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Prospective studies of Pima Indians","volume":"329","author":"Lillioja","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c110062","article-title":"Barnard RJ. Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: underlying causes and modification by exercise training","volume":"3","author":"Roberts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Compr Physiol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.3.781","article-title":"Insulin sensitivity, insulinemia, and coronary artery disease: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study","volume":"27","author":"Rewers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4654","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2016-1282","article-title":"Gestational Chronodisruption Impairs Circadian Physiology in Rat Male Offspring, Increasing the Risk of Chronic Disease","volume":"157","author":"Mendez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-4-291","article-title":"The Taiwan Birth Panel Study: a prospective cohort study for environmentally- related child health","volume":"4","author":"Hsieh","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes."},{"key":"B38","first-page":"25","article-title":"Nationwide singleton birth weight percentiles by gestational age in Taiwan, 1998-2002","volume":"47","author":"Hsieh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Taiwan"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199816070-00001","article-title":"Mari A. How to measure insulin sensitivity","volume":"16","author":"Ferrannini","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hypertens."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E214","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1979.237.3.E214","article-title":"Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance","volume":"237","author":"DeFronzo","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man","volume":"28","author":"Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.1.57","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment closely mirrors the glucose clamp technique in the assessment of insulin sensitivity: studies in subjects with various degrees of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity","volume":"23","author":"Bonora","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2015.11.019","article-title":"Optimal cutoff points for HOMA-IR and QUICKI in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A population based study","volume":"30","author":"Motamed","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S213","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2107C","volume":"128","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-018-0052-y","article-title":"Lifestyle of women before pregnancy and the risk of offspring obesity during childhood through early adulthood","volume":"42","author":"Dhana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2016.02.012","article-title":"Myrskyl\u00e4 M. Maternal age and offspring health and health behaviours in late adolescence in Sweden","volume":"2","author":"Barclay","year":"2016","journal-title":"SSM Popul Health."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03492","article-title":"Maternal parity, fetal and childhood growth, and cardiometabolic risk factors","volume":"64","author":"Gaillard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hypertension."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2012.195","article-title":"Liu JM. The impact of cesarean section on offspring overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1089\/chi.2015.0029","article-title":"The Relationship between Childhood Obesity, Low Socioeconomic Status, and Race\/Ethnicity: Lessons from Massachusetts","volume":"11","author":"Rogers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Obes."},{"key":"B50","unstructured":"Investigation Report on Family Income and Expenditure in Taipei city2011"},{"key":"B51","unstructured":"Investigation Report on Family Income and Expenditure in Taipei city2018"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16081409","article-title":"Age Differences in the relationship between secondhand smoke exposure and risk of metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.11.009","article-title":"Park EC. Association between secondhand smoke and glycemic control in adult diabetes patients","volume":"94","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev Med."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-5-9","article-title":"Shift working and risk of lipid disorders: a cross-sectional study","volume":"5","author":"Ghiasvand","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5654","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.5654","article-title":"Chen PC. Shift work aggravates metabolic syndrome development among early-middle-aged males with elevated ALT","volume":"15","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmt054","article-title":"Rosales-Corral SA. Melatonin and stable circadian rhythms optimize maternal, placental and fetal physiology","volume":"20","author":"Reiter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2015.11.020","article-title":"Underweight but metabolically abnormal phenotype: metabolic features and its association with cardiovascular disease","volume":"29","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/33.8.1836","article-title":"Anthropometric assessment of energy-protein malnutrition and subsequent risk of mortality among preschool aged children","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e64636","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064636","article-title":"Associations of suboptimal growth with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in children under five years: a pooled analysis of ten prospective studies","volume":"8","author":"Olofin","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.059","article-title":"The impact of occupational activities during pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and metaanalysis","volume":"222","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.123885","article-title":"Han WJ. Maternal nonstandard work schedules and adolescent overweight","volume":"98","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803682","article-title":"Maternal employment and early childhood overweight: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study","volume":"32","author":"Hawkins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Obes."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2011.252","article-title":"Moore VM. Parental work schedules and child overweight and obesity","volume":"36","author":"Champion","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.24494","article-title":"Holick MF. Sunlight and Vitamin D: A global perspective for health","volume":"5","author":"Wacker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatoendocrinol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70165-7","article-title":"Mullie P. Vitamin D status and ill health: a systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Autier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2015.1048867","article-title":"Shift work and serum 25-OH vitamin D status among factory workers in Northern Italy: Cross-sectional study","volume":"32","author":"Romano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8468742","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8468742","article-title":"Are Shiftwork and Indoor Work Related to D3 Vitamin Deficiency? A systematic review of current evidences","volume":"2018","author":"Coppeta","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Environ Public Health."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385","article-title":"Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"96","author":"Holick","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency","volume":"357","author":"Holick","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3326","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03406-4","article-title":"Maternal and early-life circadian disruption have long-lasting negative consequences on offspring development and adult behavior in mice","volume":"7","author":"Smarr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4172\/2168-975X.1000151","article-title":"Melatonin, the Hormone of Darkness: From Sleep Promotion to Ebola Treatment","author":"Masters","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Disord Ther"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2813","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2006.05322.x","article-title":"Melatonin: nature's most versatile biological signal?","volume":"273","author":"Pandi-Perumal","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4017","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.154351","article-title":"Evidence of a role for melatonin in fetal sheep physiology: direct actions of melatonin on fetal cerebral artery, brown adipose tissue and adrenal gland","volume":"586","author":"Torres-Farfan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Physiol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00084","article-title":"Melatonin as a hormone: new physiological and clinical insights","volume":"39","author":"Cipolla-Neto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."},{"key":"B75","first-page":"488","article-title":"Zagrean AM. Role of melatonin in embryo fetal development","volume":"7","author":"Voiculescu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Life."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e42713","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042713","article-title":"Timed maternal melatonin treatment reverses circadian disruption of the fetal adrenal clock imposed by exposure to constant light","volume":"7","author":"Mendez","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbscr.2019.04.001","article-title":"Melatonin profiles during the third trimester of pregnancy and health status in the offspring among day and night workers: A case series","volume":"6","author":"Nehme","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.75.1.1619000","article-title":"Nakagawa H. Circadian rhythm abnormalities in totally blind people: incidence and clinical significance","volume":"75","author":"Sack","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1006332\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T03:10:47Z","timestamp":1664507447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1006332\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1006332"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1006332","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"article-number":"1006332"}}