{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:28:48Z","timestamp":1753892928110,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to examine whether academic performance is associated with students' athletic ability in primary school.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 3-year follow-up study was conducted among 1,136 Chinese students. Sit-up and jump rope testers were used to measure 1-min sit-ups and 1-min jump ropes, respectively. Meanwhile, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory were used to estimate sleep quality and depression levels. The end-of-semester examinations were used to evaluate students' academic performance during the follow-up period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After adjusting for confounders, the mean change in Chinese language performance for participants stratified by 1-min sit-ups at baseline was 0.35 (95% CI: \u22120.37 to 0.76) for level 1 (slowest), 0.52 (95% CI: \u22120.54 to 1.08) for level 2, and 1.72 (95% CI: 1.14 to 2.30) for level 3 (fastest) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend = 0.003); the mean change in math scores was 0.28 (95% CI: \u22120.50 to 0.95) for level 1 (slowest), 0.95 (95% CI: 0.38 to 1.52) for level 2, and 1.41 (95% CI: 0.82 to 1.99) for level 3 (fastest) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend = 0.048). The mean change in foreign language scores was \u22120.45 (95% CI: \u22120.99 to \u22120.93) for level 1 (slowest), \u22120.14 (95% CI: \u22120.44 to 0.41) for level 2, and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.25 to 1.13) for level 3 (fastest) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend = 0.004). The mean change in Chinese language performance for participants stratified by 1-min jump ropes at the baseline was 0.30 (95% CI: \u22120.16 to 0.76) for level 1 (slowest), 1.09 (95% CI: 0.42 to 1.76) for level 2, and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.14 to 2.35) for level 3 (fastest) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend = 0.001). The mean change in math scores was 0.41 (95% CI: \u22120.11 to 0.92) for level 1 (slowest), 1.44 (95% CI: 0.69 to 2.19) for level 2, and 1.43 (95% CI: 0.76 to 2.10) for level 3 (fastest) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend = 0.019). The mean change in foreign language performance was \u22120.71 (95% CI: \u22121.08 to \u22120.33) for level 1 (slowest), 0.95 (95% CI: \u22120.40 to 1.50) for level 2, and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.41 to 1.41) for level 3 (fastest) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend &amp;lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggests that participation in jump rope and sit-up exercises may positively affect students' academic performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1012757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T07:42:22Z","timestamp":1674200542000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Relationships between athletic ability and academic performance in primary school students: A 3-year follow-up study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Hao Zong","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cui Jin","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wu Xiang","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian Ze","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wu Dan","family":"Ping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tang","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zheng Hong","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhang Zhi","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu Jing","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhang Teng","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wang Jun","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gao","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li Ying","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2018.10.017","article-title":"Prospective associations between participation in leisure-time physical activity at age six and academic performance at age 12","volume":"118","author":"Gsa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prev Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.12691\/jpar-6-2-8","article-title":"Evaluating associations between physical activity and growth, academic attainment, and socioeconomic factors in primary school children - 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