{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T20:33:26Z","timestamp":1784666006493,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Updating burden data of chronic kidney disease (CKD) as one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases is essential for proper provision of healthcare by policymakers. We aimed to estimate the burden of CKD and its attributed burden in North Africa and Middle East region (NAME) during 1990\u20132019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The CKD-related Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 estimates were extracted from Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) website.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2019, 2,034,879 new CKD cases (95% Uncertainty interval 1,875,830 to 2,202,724) with an age-standardized incidence rate of 447.5 (415.1 to 482.8) per 100,000 was reported, showing a 70.9% increase in the past 30 years. CKD led to 111,812 deaths (96,421 to 130,853) with an age-standardized rate of 30.4 (26.3 to 35.4) per 100,000. The highest increase and decrease in the mortality rate were estimated in Morocco 21.8% (\u22128.9 to 51.6) and Kuwait \u221241.5% (\u221251.2 to \u221229.1). In 2019, CKD was responsible for 744.4 (646.1 to 851.8) age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), mostly contributed to \u201cother and unspecified causes\u201d [237.2 (191.1 to 288.4)], type 2 diabetes [205.9 (162.4 to 253.6)], and hypertension [203.3 (165.8 to 243)]. An increase was noted in DALYs from ages 25\u201329 and surged with an accelerating pattern by age. Kidney dysfunction, high systolic blood pressure, and high body mass index ranked as the top three risk factors for the disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study raised an alarm regarding the increasing CKD burden in NAME. There is an urgency to deal with hypertension and overweight\/obesity at the primary care level, implementing CKD screening for at-risk groups, and facilitating the accessibility to appropriate treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1015902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T05:48:34Z","timestamp":1665467314000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Regional burden of chronic kidney disease in North Africa and Middle East during 1990\u20132019; Results from Global Burden of Disease study 2019"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ozra","family":"Tabatabaei-Malazy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar","family":"Saeedi Moghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Khashayar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Keykhaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeganeh Sharifnejad","family":"Tehrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad-Reza","family":"Malekpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Esfahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad-Mahdi","family":"Rashidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Golestani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parnian","family":"Shobeiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mana","family":"Moghimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fateme","family":"Gorgani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Abdolhamidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farshad","family":"Farzadfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bagher","family":"Larijani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.14745","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease diagnosis and management: a review","volume":"322","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000095676.90936.80","article-title":"Kidney disease as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease: a statement from the American Heart Association councils on kidney in cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure research, clinical cardiology, and epidemiology and prevention","volume":"108","author":"Sarnak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00007","article-title":"Kidney disease: improving global outcomes chronic kidney disease guideline development work group members. Evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease: synopsis of the kidney disease: improving global outcomes 2012 clinical practice guideline","volume":"158","author":"Stevens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2012.73","article-title":"KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"3","author":"Kidney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.17.2038","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States","volume":"298","author":"Coresh","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.467","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and the aging population","volume":"85","author":"Tonelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2015.230","article-title":"A systematic analysis of worldwide population-based data on the global burden of chronic kidney disease in 2010","volume":"88","author":"Mills","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.12.013","article-title":"JamesMT, Bundy JD, Chen Ch-Sh, Kelly TN, et al. A population-based cohort study defines prognoses in severe chronic kidney disease","volume":"93","author":"Tonelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00382-7","article-title":"Choosing indicators for the health\u2013related SDG targets","volume":"386","author":"Murray","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2013.79","volume":"2013","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1510082","article-title":"Shifting to sustainable development goals-implications for global health","volume":"373","author":"Murray","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2","article-title":"Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"GBD","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30505-6","article-title":"Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015","volume":"389","author":"Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32225-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioral, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"GBD","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B16","unstructured":"The The World Bank GNI Per Capita PPP (Current International $) | Data 2020"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31694-5","article-title":"Forecasting life expectancy, years of life lost, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 250 causes of death: reference and alternative scenarios for 2016\u201340 for 195 countries and territories","volume":"392","author":"Foreman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-017-1017-y","article-title":"Danger ahead: the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990-2015","volume":"63","author":"GBD","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Public Health."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-017-1014-1","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study","volume":"63","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"key":"B20","unstructured":""},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30994-2","article-title":"Measuring performance on the healthcare access and quality index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"391","author":"Fullman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1159\/000489897","article-title":"Disparities in chronic kidney disease prevalence among males and females in 195 countries: analysis of the Global Burden of Disease 2016 Study","volume":"139","author":"Bikbov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nephron."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6403985","article-title":"Kidney disease in Oman: a view of the current and future landscapes","volume":"11","author":"Al Alawi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iran J Kidney Dis."},{"key":"B24","first-page":"A99","article-title":"Addressing the threat of chronic diseases in Oman","volume":"5","author":"Al-Lawati","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2016.09.001","article-title":"Epidemiological transition of end-stage kidney disease in Oman","volume":"2016","author":"Al Ismaili","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.040","article-title":"Worldwide disparity in the relation between CKD prevalence and kidney failure risk","volume":"5","author":"van Rijn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"019","DOI":"10.4172\/1747-0862.S1-019","article-title":"A review on underlying differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Middle East, Europe and North America","author":"Nematy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Mol Genet Med"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9030311","article-title":"Obesity in Saudi Arabia in 2020: prevalence, distribution, and its current association with various health conditions","volume":"9","author":"Althumiri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Healthcare."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00042","article-title":"Patterns of obesity and overweight in the iranian population: findings of STEPs 2016","volume":"11","author":"Djalalinia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CN109111","article-title":"Obesity and kidney disease: hidden consequences of the epidemic","author":"Kovesdy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1001\/2013.jamainternmed.85","article-title":"Body mass index in 12 million adolescents and risk for end-stage renal disease","volume":"172","author":"Vivante","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.12.012","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of primary screening for CKD: a systematic review","volume":"63","author":"Komenda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis."},{"key":"B33","year":""},{"key":"B34","unstructured":"Prevention and control a priority, everywhere\n            MakingNCD"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1015902\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T05:48:46Z","timestamp":1665467326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1015902\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1015902"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1015902","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]},"article-number":"1015902"}}