{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:32:44Z","timestamp":1791505964452,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n In general, medical staff who work in nuclear medicine should be entirely safe in their professional environment. Nevertheless, we already know that the working environment of the nuclear medicine staff is not completely safe due to the handling of high amounts of radionuclides for diagnostic and therapy applications, which is especially relevant for\n 131<\/jats:sup>\n I (as a non-sealed source).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \n The goal of this study was to assess the inhaled\n 131<\/jats:sup>\n I thyroid dose in nuclear medicine workers and to introduce a simple method for internal exposure monitoring.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Using 2-IN\n *<\/jats:sup>\n 2-in NaI (Tl) scintillation spectrometer and its supporting software (InSpector Maintenance Utility and Genie 2000), from 2019 to 2021, internal thyroid irradiation monitoring, an internal thyroid irradiation monitoring investi A NaI (Tl) scintillation spectrometer and its sugation was carried out for 3 consecutive years, between 2019 and 2021, in staff members of nuclear medicine departments engaged with iodine therapy.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n 131<\/jats:sup>\n I activity was found highest in the thyroid of nuclear medicine workers involved with the manual packaging and delivery of the radioisotope, while it was not detected in staff members involved with the automatic packaging and drug delivery. The activity range was found to be 30.00 \u00b1 6.60\u20136070.00 \u00b1 1335.40 Bq for the exposed personnel, and the estimated dose was 0.05\u20136.77 mSv. In 2021, three workers had an annual equivalent dose above 5 mSv.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n By monitoring the thyroid\n 131<\/jats:sup>\n I in staff members of the nuclear medicine department, it was found that there are\n 131<\/jats:sup>\n I internal occupational exposure risks. The best solution is automatic packaging and drug delivery.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1027782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T01:31:10Z","timestamp":1670203870000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Thyroid dose assessments due to inhalation of 131I for nuclear medicine workers"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Gang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HanYu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin Yin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao Qin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li Mei","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Directive 2013\/59\/Euratom protection against ionising radiation57Off J Eur Union2014"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1097\/00006231-200306000-00009","article-title":"Safe radiation exposure of medical personnel by using simple methods of radioprotection while administrating 131-I-lipiodol therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"24","author":"Garin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nucl Med Commun."},{"key":"B3","first-page":"2","article-title":"Limits for intakes of radionuclides by workers. 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Brudecki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiat Environ Biophys"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2020.106279","article-title":"A study of a calibration technique for a newly developed thyroid monitor and its uncertainties due to body size for radioiodine measurements","volume":"133","author":"Yoshitomi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiat Meas"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1007\/s10967-014-3051-z","article-title":"Variation of counting efficiency in determination of 131I activity in the thyroid gland as a result of its position relative to the detector","volume":"300","author":"Kierepko","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Radioanal Nucl Chem"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1027782\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T01:31:15Z","timestamp":1670203875000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1027782\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1027782"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1027782","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]]},"article-number":"1027782"}}