{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T19:21:28Z","timestamp":1791055288549,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004242","name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PNURSP2022R78"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2022R78"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains limited, especially in those with other compelling indications. Thus, this study aimed to describe the prescribing patterns of GLP-1-RA and SGLT2i in patients with T2DM and to determine the factors that affect the prescribing of these medications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This multicenter retrospective cross-sectional study reviewed the electronic health records of adult patients diagnosed with T2DM who received care between January and December 2020. The patients were classified according to their compelling indications into \u201cpatients who are more likely\u201d to benefit from SGLT2i or GLP-1 RA and \u201cpatients who are less likely\u201d to benefit from them. They were then further categorized depending on whether these medications were prescribed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1,220 patients were included; most were female (56.9%). SGLT2i or GLP-1 RA were preferably prescribed in only 19% of the patients for reasons including BMI \u2265 27 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (85.6%), uncontrolled T2DM (68.5%), high risk for ASCVD (23.9%), or established ASCVD (14%). The remaining 81.0% were underprescribed these agents. Patients at an older age or with a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack had higher odds of being underprescribed (OR 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01\u20131.03 and OR 2.86; 95% CI: 1.33\u20136.15), respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results concur with those of previous studies highlighting the underutilization of GLP-1 RA and SGLT2i in patients with T2DM but also with compelling indications. To optimize the use of GLP-1 RA and SGLT2i for their additional benefits, prescribers need to assess the benefits of using these agents in patients who would likely benefit from them, regardless of DM control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1031306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T12:33:07Z","timestamp":1666960387000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The prescribing pattern of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in patient with type two diabetes mellitus: A two-center retrospective cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ghazwa B.","family":"Korayem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar A.","family":"Alshaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albandari A.","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahad S.","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renad T.","family":"Almutib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Alsaileek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Alrashidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasser","family":"Aldosari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nader","family":"Bin Sheraim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majed S.","family":"Al Yami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar A.","family":"Almohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504720","article-title":"Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes","volume":"373","author":"Zinman","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1811744","article-title":"Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy","volume":"380","author":"Perkovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812389","article-title":"Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"380","author":"Wiviott","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911303","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"381","author":"McMurray","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2022190","article-title":"Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure","volume":"383","author":"Packer","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603827","article-title":"Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141","article-title":"Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31149-3","article-title":"Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"394","author":"Gerstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S125","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-S009","article-title":"9. 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