{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:51:58Z","timestamp":1777931518694,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dengue fever is a vector-borne disease with an estimate of 390 million persons getting the infection each year with a significant public health impact. It has been reported DENV patients with vitamin D deficiency led to severe form of dengue infection; while <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> coinfection alters vitamin D receptors leading to vitamin D deficiency. We hypothesize that DENV patient's having low vitamin D along with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> coinfection could have worsen dengue severity as well as vitamin D deficiency. In this case-control study, we compared (I) the vitamin D deficiency in dengue fever cases with or without <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> coinfection, and (II) negative dengue fever as a control with or without <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> coinfection. We have also assessed the correlation between vitamin D levels and its effect on warning signs of the dengue fever. Further, we have investigated whether coinfection with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> has any effect on warning signs in the dengue fever patients and the vitamin D deficiency in all serotypes of the dengue virus infected patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this case control study the association of the vitamin D levels with age, gender and <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> coinfection in dengue fever hospitalized patients was assessed using chi-square and multivariate logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four hundred dengue fever patients with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> coinfection were compared with 400 dengue negative controls with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> coinfection. The mean age was 29.96 \u00b1 10.5 and 29.88 \u00b1 10.7 years among cases and controls, respectively. Most dengue fever patients with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> coinfection were deficient in vitamin D compared with negative dengue controls with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> coinfection. In multivariate logistic regression, the dengue cases with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> coinfection were.056 times (95% CI: 0.024, 0.128, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.000) more likely to have vitamin D \u201cdeficiency', while compared with the cases who did not have <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> coinfection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study proposes that vitamin D deficiency in dengue fever patients coinfected with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> is much higher than the dengue fever negative controls coinfected with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>. As hypothesized the DENV patient with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> coinfection has vitamin D deficiency as well as increased dengue severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1035560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T06:39:06Z","timestamp":1667198346000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Vitamin D deficiency in dengue fever patients' coinfected with H. pylori in Pakistan. 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