{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:55:39Z","timestamp":1790790939943,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the impact of BTEX compound on blood and spirometry parameters of staff in the Abadan petroleum refinery (Iran). In 80 staff was examined in terms of BTEX exposure (40 exposed and 40 non-exposed). In this study, the air sampling was carried out according to the NIOSH 1,501 method and an automated hematology analyzer was used to analyze all blood samples to evaluate blood parameters and using a Micro Direct automated computerized spirometer. Spss20 software was used to interpret the performance. According to the obtained results, total BTEX concentrations with the recommended standard level showed that, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes, concentrations in Abadan Oil Refining Company Workers' breathing zone were lower than the TLV-TWA recommended by ACGIH. However, the average concentration of benzene was higher than the allowable limit. Therefore, in this study the effect of benzene on the blood and respiratory parameters of the workers was evaluated, the comparison of the blood and respiratory parameters between the groups of exposed and unexposed workers did not reveal any statistical difference between the groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.001). The results showed no statistically significant connection between mean blood and spirometry parameters and benzene exposure. Also, based on results the effect of benzene problems needs to be prevented in employees with adequate engineering and management controls and periodic inspection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1037413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T10:13:18Z","timestamp":1668075198000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Assessing the effect of BTEX on blood and spirometry parameters staff in a petroleum refinery"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Samad","family":"Jalilian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sima","family":"Sabzalipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Mohammadi Rouzbahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebrahim","family":"Rajabzadeh Ghatrami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Ibrahimy Ghavamabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(11)60735-3","article-title":"Levels, sources and health risks of carbonyls and BTEX in the ambient air of Beijing, China","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Environ Sci."},{"key":"B2","author":"Agency","year":"1978","journal-title":"Assessment of Health Risks to Garment Workers and Certain Home Residents from Exposure to Formaldehyde. Washington, DC: US."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941100","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2022.941100","article-title":"Volatile organic compounds in urban Lhasa: variations, sources, and potential risks","volume":"10","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Environ Sci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.53894\/ijirss.v4i2.56","article-title":"Impact of solar heating technology installation on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in Kabul city","volume":"4","author":"Rahmany","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Innovat Res Scient Studies."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856836","DOI":"10.3389\/frsus.2022.856836","article-title":"Reliability-based robust multi-objective optimization (RBRMOO) of chemical process systems: a case study of TEG dehydration plant","volume":"3","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Sustain"},{"key":"B6","unstructured":"The investigation of exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) with Solid Phase Microextr action Method in gas station in Yazd province41927\n            Mosaddegh MehrjerdiMH\n            TahmasebiN\n            Barkhordari FiroozAbadiA\n            FallahzadehH\n            EsmaielianS\n            SoltanizadehK\n          ISMJ.162014"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.09.042","article-title":"Quantification and mechanisms of BTEX distribution between aqueous and gaseous phase in a dynamic system","volume":"144","author":"\u0160o\u0161tari\u0107","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997026","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2022.997026","article-title":"Estimating NOx, VOC and CO variability over India's 1 st smart city Bhubaneswar","volume":"10","author":"Sahu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Environ Sci"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.18488\/13.v11i1.2996","article-title":"Impact of adopting diesel-CNG dual-fuel engine on haulage","volume":"11","author":"Towoju","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Sustain Energy Environ Res."},{"key":"B10","first-page":"117","article-title":"Occupational exposure of gasoline station workers to BTEX compounds in Bangkok, Thailand","volume":"3","author":"Tunsaringkarn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Occu Environ Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.60.12.969","article-title":"Benzene and naphthalene in air and breath as indicators of exposure to jet fuel","volume":"60","author":"Egeghy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Occu Environ Med."},{"key":"B12","unstructured":"Albumin adducts of benzene oxide and 1, 4-benzoquinone as measures of human benzene metabolism13307\n            RappaportSM\n            WaidyanathaS\n            QuQ\n            ShoreR\n            JinX\n            CohenB\n          11888901Cancer Res.622002"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.52.12.800","article-title":"Chronic effects of welding exposure on pulmonary function tests and respiratory symptoms","volume":"52","author":"Ozdemir","year":"1995","journal-title":"Occu Environ Med."},{"key":"B14","first-page":"809","article-title":"Frequency of respiratory function disorders among dental laboratory technicians working under conditions of high dust concentration","volume":"17","author":"Abakay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200310-1453OC","article-title":"Quality control for spirometry in preschool children with and without lung disease","volume":"169","author":"Aurora","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Resp Crit Care Med."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199603)29:3<247::AID-AJIM4>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Risk of low red or white blood cell count related to estimated benzene exposure in a rubberworker cohort (1940\u20131975)","volume":"29","author":"Ward","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Indust Med."},{"key":"B17","article-title":"Examination of the blood and bone marrow, In: Wintrobe MM, Lee GR","author":"Prekins","year":"1999","journal-title":"Wintrobes Clinical Hematology Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.19044\/esj.2013.v9n10p%p","article-title":"Risk assessment of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (btex) in paint plants of two automotive industries in iran by using the coshh guideline","volume":"3","author":"Farshad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Scient J."},{"key":"B19","article-title":"BTEX in the Exhaust Emissions of Motor Vehicles. Causes","author":"Adamovi\u0107","year":"2013"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11920","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-04582-8","article-title":"Health risk assessment of occupational exposure to styrene in Neyshabur electronic industries","volume":"26","author":"Mohammadyan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Sci Poll Res."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.29390\/cjrt-2018-017","article-title":"Basic spirometry testing and interpretation for the primary care provider","volume":"54","author":"Haynes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Respir Ther"},{"key":"B22","unstructured":"Lung function abnormalities among petrol-pump workers of Lucknow, North India11778\n            KesavachandranC\n            RASTOGS\n            AnandM\n            MathurN\n            DhawanA\n          Cur Sci.902006"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-2095-2","article-title":"Body mass index","volume":"30","author":"Garrouste-Orgeas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16010095","article-title":"Risk assessment of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene concentrations from the combustion of coal in a controlled laboratory environment","volume":"16","author":"Masekameni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inter J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2004.05.010","article-title":"hematology surveillance study of petrochemical workers exposed to benzene","volume":"40","author":"Tsai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol."},{"key":"B26","unstructured":"Correlation between body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage and pulmonary functions in underweight, overweight and normal weight adolescents3503\n            LadUP\n            JaltadeVG\n            LadS\n            SatyanarayanaP\n          31234934J Clin Diagn Res.62012"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2003.08.006","article-title":"Respiratory findings in gun factory workers exposed to solvents","volume":"98","author":"\u00c7akmak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Respir Med."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.7888\/juoeh.28.173","article-title":"Measurements of exposure concentrations of benzene, toluene and xylene, and amounts of respiratory uptake","volume":"28","author":"Murayama","year":"2006","journal-title":"J UOEH."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.22037\/meipm.v2i4.8396","article-title":"Evaluation of hematotoxic potential of benzene, toluene, xylene, ethyl benzene and n-hexane in petrochemical industries","volume":"2","author":"Neghab","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Safety Promot Injury Prevent."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1037413\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T10:13:22Z","timestamp":1668075202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1037413\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1037413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1037413","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]]},"article-number":"1037413"}}